Abstract

The exposure of plants to pharmaceuticals via treated wastewater irrigation and biosolid application presents an important route of chronic exposure of crops to a wide variety of bioactive pollutants. This paper presents a novel approach which aims to improve our understanding of the interactions of bioactive pollutants with plants through the concept of plant pharmacology and two main sub-divisions: (i) plant pharmacokinetics which describes the fate of exogenous xenobiotics in the plant based on the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and accumulation (ADMA), processes that are analogous to pharmacokinetics in animals; and (ii) plant pharmacodynamics that proposes that exogenous xenobiotics interact with plant enzymes and biochemical pathways, establishing a relationship with pharmacological concepts and emphasizing the importance of exposure-response interactions. The concept of plant pharmacology and its two subdivisions provide a foundation for the development of in-depth knowledge regarding the fate of xenobiotics in plants and establishing plant pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models that include both the ADMA processes and time-dependent response of the plant to these compounds. This concept provides a new perspective on pharmacovigilance, focusing on plant-xenobiotic compound interactions, and a conceptual framework for understanding the fate and interactions of these bioactive molecules in agricultural systems, to enable more accurate risks assessments of environmental and human health.

摘要

通过处理过的废水灌溉和生物固体应用使植物接触药物是作物长期接触多种生物活性污染物的重要途径。本文提出了一种新方法，旨在通过植物药理学的概念和两个主要细分来提高我们对生物活性污染物与植物相互作用的理解：（i）植物药代动力学，它描述了基于吸收、分布、代谢和积累过程（ADMA），类似于动物药代动力学的过程；(ii) 提出外源性异生素与植物酶和生化途径相互作用的植物药效学，建立与药理学概念的关系并强调暴露-反应相互作用的重要性。植物药理学的概念及其两个分支为深入了解植物中异生素的命运和建立植物药代动力学-药效学模型提供了基础，包括 ADMA 过程和植物对这些过程的时间依赖性反应化合物。这一概念为药物警戒提供了一个新的视角，重点关注植物-外源性化合物的相互作用，并为理解这些生物活性分子在农业系统中的命运和相互作用提供了一个概念框架，从而能够更准确地评估环境和人类健康的风险。植物药理学的概念及其两个分支为深入了解植物中异生素的命运和建立植物药代动力学-药效学模型提供了基础，包括 ADMA 过程和植物对这些过程的时间依赖性反应化合物。这一概念为药物警戒提供了一个新的视角，重点关注植物-外源性化合物的相互作用，并为理解这些生物活性分子在农业系统中的命运和相互作用提供了一个概念框架，从而能够更准确地评估环境和人类健康的风险。植物药理学的概念及其两个分支为深入了解植物中异生素的命运和建立植物药代动力学-药效学模型提供了基础，包括 ADMA 过程和植物对这些过程的时间依赖性反应化合物。这一概念为药物警戒提供了一个新的视角，重点关注植物-外源性化合物的相互作用，并为理解这些生物活性分子在农业系统中的命运和相互作用提供了一个概念框架，从而能够更准确地评估环境和人类健康的风险。