A novel polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based ultrafiltration (UF) hollow-fiber membrane was newly synthesized for nanofiltration (NF) applications. This semi-fully NF hollow-fiber membrane was characterized using a variety of analysis techniques. The membrane exhibited higher negative charge and hydrophilicity and lower surface roughness compared to the pristine UF hollow-fiber membrane. Experiments to study the performance and fouling were simulated under laboratory conditions in a cross-flow system and in–out mode using organic compounds, namely, humic acid and sodium alginate. The removal efficiencies of humic acid and sodium alginate were 65% and 73%, respectively, in the pristine hollow-fiber membrane and 93% and 95%, respectively, in the proposed membrane. The flux decline by natural organic matter was less in the case of the proposed membrane compared to that in the pristine membrane. To mitigate organic fouling on the proposed membrane, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was used as a chemical enhanced backwashing agent. At a NaClO concentration of 1 mg/L with a backwashing time of 30 s, an optimal flux recovery of 92.1% of the initial permeability of the PAN-NF hollow-fiber membrane was achieved with less membrane degradation. The results of this study will provide practical insight and act as a technical guide for NF-based plant engineers/operators.

中文翻译：

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使用新型中空纤维聚丙烯腈纳滤膜控制饮用水处理中有机污染的化学增强反冲洗

一种新型聚丙烯腈 (PAN) 基超滤 (UF) 中空纤维膜被新合成用于纳滤 (NF) 应用。这种半全纳滤中空纤维膜使用多种分析技术进行了表征。与原始的超滤中空纤维膜相比，该膜表现出更高的负电荷和亲水性以及更低的表面粗糙度。在实验室条件下，使用有机化合物（即腐殖酸和海藻酸钠）在错流系统和进出模式下模拟了研究性能和结垢的实验。在原始中空纤维膜中，腐植酸和海藻酸钠的去除效率分别为 65% 和 73%，在所提出的膜中分别为 93% 和 95%。与原始膜相比，天然有机物的通量下降在所提议的膜的情况下较小。为了减轻所提议的膜上的有机污染，次氯酸钠 (NaClO) 被用作化学增强的反洗剂。在 NaClO 浓度为 1 mg/L 和反洗时间为 30 s 的情况下，PAN-NF 中空纤维膜实现了初始渗透率的 92.1% 的最佳通量恢复，且膜降解较少。这项研究的结果将提供实用的见解，并作为基于 NF 的工厂工程师/操作员的技术指南。PAN-NF 中空纤维膜的初始渗透率达到了 92.1% 的最佳通量恢复，同时膜降解较少。这项研究的结果将提供实用的见解，并作为基于 NF 的工厂工程师/操作员的技术指南。PAN-NF 中空纤维膜的初始渗透率达到了 92.1% 的最佳通量恢复，同时膜降解较少。这项研究的结果将提供实用的见解，并作为基于 NF 的工厂工程师/操作员的技术指南。