Background: Hop cultivation requires an abundant quantity of nutrients to reach higher cone yield and quality. The aim of this work was the evaluation of different fertilization plans to obtain an improvement in product quality. Methods: Foliar analysis, anatomical analysis through the use of light microscope and SEM; physiological measurements through atLEAF, Handy PEA and spectrophotometry, were carried out to determine chlorophyll content, carotenoids and photosynthetic efficiency in two periods (t1, t2) for four experimental treatments and a Control (Treat 1, Treat 2, Treat 3, Treat 4, Untreat). Leaf texture (texture analyzer), color (colorimeter), DPPH activity (spectrophotometer), bitter acid content (HPLC-UV) and essential oil yields (steam distillation) and cone yields were measured. Results: Treat 2 showed the best performance: (i) in leaves, in terms of texture, chlorophyll content and color; (ii) in cones, with 6.98% of alpha acids, 1.78% of oil yield and 3.55 kg of fresh cones per plants. Conclusion: The fertilization plans caused alteration in micro and macro elements content in hop leaves and in the composition of hop cones. In our conditions, the best fertilization plan, in terms of cone productivity and quality, was Treat 2, highlighting the value of a customized organic foliar fertilization plan for hop cultivation.

中文翻译：

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不同有机叶面施肥对啤酒花（Humulus lupulus L., cv Cascade）叶和球果生理和化学性状的影响

背景：啤酒花种植需要大量的养分才能达到更高的球果产量和质量。这项工作的目的是评估不同的施肥计划，以提高产品质量。方法：叶面分析，利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜进行解剖分析；通过 atLEAF、Handy PEA 和分光光度法进行生理测量，以确定四个实验处理和对照（处理 1、处理 2、处理 3、处理 4、不治疗）。测量了叶片质地（质地分析仪）、颜色（色度计）、DPPH 活性（分光光度计）、苦酸含量（HPLC-UV）和精油产量（蒸汽蒸馏）和锥体产量。结果： Treat 2 表现出最佳性能：(i) 在叶子中，在质地、叶绿素含量和颜色方面；(ii) 在锥体中，每株植物含有 6.98% 的 α 酸、1.78% 的油产量和 3.55 kg 新鲜锥体。结论：施肥计划导致啤酒花叶片中微量和宏量元素含量以及酒花球果组成发生变化。在我们的条件下，就锥体生产力和质量而言，最佳施肥计划是 Treat 2，突出了为啤酒花种植定制的有机叶面施肥计划的价值。