The possibility of tuning the magnetic properties of materials with voltage (converse magnetoelectricity) or generating electric voltage with magnetic fields (direct magnetoelectricity) has opened new avenues in a large variety of technological fields, ranging from information technologies to healthcare devices and including a great number of multifunctional integrated systems, such as mechanical antennas, magnetometers, and radio frequency (RF) tunable inductors, which have been realized due to the strong strain-mediated magnetoelectric (ME) coupling found in ME composites. The development of single-phase multiferroic materials (which exhibit simultaneous ferroelectric and ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic orders), multiferroic heterostructures, as well as progress in other ME mechanisms, such as electrostatic surface charging or magneto-ionics (voltage-driven ion migration), have a large potential to boost energy efficiency in spintronics and magnetic actuators. This article focuses on existing ME materials and devices and reviews the state of the art in their performance. The most recent progress on different ME devices based on ME heterostructures is presented but with a larger emphasis on ME antennas and sensors due to the significant advances achieved in these applications. The rapid development of mechanically actuated ME antennas has been observed over the past several years, producing ME antennas that are miniaturized by 1–2 orders compared to conventional antenna size. Magnetic sensors based on simple ME composites are potentially promising alternatives to conventional magnetometers due to their very good detectivity (1/2) at low frequencies. Other ME devices reviewed in this article include RF tunable inductors with high inductance tunability and quality (Q) factor; non-reciprocal microelectromechanical system (MEMS) bandpass filters with dual H- and E-field tunability; passive isolators and gyrators in the low-frequency (LF) range; and ME random access memories for low-power data storage. All these compact and lightweight ME devices are also promising for future biomedical and wireless applications. Finally, some open questions and future directions where the community might be headed are provided.

中文翻译：

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磁电材料与器件路线图


通过电压（逆磁电）调节材料的磁性或通过磁场产生电压（直接磁电）的可能性，为从信息技术到医疗设备等众多技术领域开辟了新途径。机械天线、磁力计和射频 (RF) 可调谐电感器等多功能集成系统的实现，得益于 ME 复合材料中的强应变介导磁电 (ME) 耦合。单相多铁性材料（同时表现出铁电和铁磁或反铁磁序）、多铁异质结构的发展，以及静电表面充电或磁离子学（电压驱动离子迁移）等其他 ME 机制的进展，已经提高自旋电子学和磁致动器能源效率的巨大潜力。本文重点介绍现有的 ME 材料和设备，并回顾其性能的最新技术水平。介绍了基于 ME 异质结构的不同 ME 设备的最新进展，但由于这些应用中取得的重大进展，重点放在 ME 天线和传感器上。在过去几年中，机械驱动 ME 天线得到了快速发展，与传统天线尺寸相比，ME 天线的尺寸缩小了 1-2 个数量级。基于简单 ME 复合材料的磁传感器由于其在低频下具有非常好的探测能力 (1/2)，因此成为传统磁力计的潜在替代品。 本文回顾的其他 ME 器件包括具有高电感可调性和质量 (Q) 因数的 RF 可调谐电感器；具有双 H 场和 E 场可调性的非互易微机电系统 (MEMS) 带通滤波器；低频 (LF) 范围内的无源隔离器和回转器；和 ME 随机存取存储器，用于低功耗数据存储。所有这些紧凑轻便的 ME 设备也有望用于未来的生物医学和无线应用。最后，提供了一些悬而未决的问题和社区未来可能的发展方向。