The energy cascade utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW) is an important subject to realize sustainable development. The gasification-based option has shown great potential in resource recovery with high-efficiency conversion. In this study, the techno-environmental-economic performance of Waste-to-Power (WtP) and Waste-to-Fuel (WtF) technologies, including MSW integrated gasification combined cycle (MIGCC), MSW-to-hydrogen (MTH), MSW-to-synthetic natural gas (MTNG) and MSW incineration to energy (MTE), is analyzed and evaluated based on the Aspen Plus simulation. The results show that MTH process owns the highest exergy efficiency with 46.7%, followed by MTNG (43.7%), MIGCC (28.6%) and MTE (18.9%). The MTH and MTNG processes appear to be more environmentally friendly than MTE in terms of global warming potential (GWP). The levelized profit of MSW (LPOM) for MIGCC process is the lowest under current market conditions. By comparison, the MTH process exhibits the best economic performance in resisting the fluctuation of electricity sales tariff, carbon tax and MSW subsidy price. In addition, MTH process could be regarded as a promising alternative path to produce hydrogen because of its economic advantage than coal-to-hydrogen and biomass-to-hydrogen processes.

城市生活垃圾能源梯级利用是实现可持续发展的重要课题。基于气化的方案在资源回收和高效转化方面显示出巨大的潜力。在本研究中，垃圾发电 (WtP) 和垃圾焚烧燃料 (WtF) 技术的技术-环境-经济绩效，包括 MSW 综合气化联合循环 (MIGCC)、MSW 制氢 (MTH)、基于 Aspen Plus 模拟分析和评估 MSW 合成天然气 (MTNG) 和 MSW 焚烧发电 (MTE)。结果表明，MTH工艺的火用效率最高，为46.7%，其次是MTNG（43.7%）、MIGCC（28.6%）和MTE（18.9%）。就全球变暖潜能值 (GWP) 而言，MTH 和 MTNG 工艺似乎比 MTE 更环保。MIGCC 工艺的 MSW (LPOM) 平准化利润在当前市场条件下是最低的。相比之下，MTH工艺在抵抗售电费、碳税和MSW补贴价格波动方面表现出最好的经济性能。此外，MTH 工艺比煤制氢和生物质制氢工艺具有经济优势，因此可被视为一种有前景的制氢替代途径。