The stress and gas pressure in deep coal seams are very high, and instability and failure rapidly and intensely occur. It is important to study the infrared precursor characteristics of gas-bearing coal instability and failure. In this paper, a self-developed stress-gas coupling failure infrared experimental system was used to analyse the infrared radiation temperature (IRT) and infrared thermal image precursor characteristics of gas-free coal and gas-bearing coal. The changes in the areas of the infrared temperature anomalous precursor regions and the effect of the gas on the infrared precursors were examined. The results show that high-temperature anomalous precursors arise mainly when the gas-free coal fails under loading, whereas the gas-bearing coal has high-temperature and low-temperature anomalous precursors. The area of the high-temperature anomalous precursor is approximately 30%–40% under gas-bearing coal unstable failure, which is lower than the 60%–70% of the gas-free coal. The area of the low-temperature abnormal precursor is approximately 3%–6%, which is higher than the 1%–2% of the gas-free coal. With increasing gas pressure, the area of the high-temperature anomalous precursor gradually decreases, and the area of the low-temperature anomalous precursor gradually increases. The high- and low-temperature anomalous precursors of gas-bearing coal are mainly caused by gas desorption, volume expansion, and thermal friction. The presence of gas inhibits the increase in IRT on the coal surface and increases the difficulty of infrared radiation (IR) monitoring and early warning for gas-bearing coal.

深部煤层应力和瓦斯压力很高，失稳和破坏迅速而剧烈。研究含气煤不稳定和破坏的红外前驱特征具有重要意义。本文利用自主研发的应力-气体耦合失效红外实验系统，对无气煤和含气煤的红外辐射温度（IRT）和红外热像前驱特征进行了分析。研究了红外温度异常前驱物区域面积的变化以及气体对红外前驱物的影响。结果表明，高温异常前兆主要出现在无气煤在载荷作用下失效时，而含气煤则有高温和低温异常前兆。含气煤不稳定破坏的高温异常前驱体面积约为30%～40%，低于无气煤的60%～70%。低温异常前兆面积约为3%~6%，高于无气煤的1%~2%。随着气压的增加，高温异常前驱体的面积逐渐减小，低温异常前驱体的面积逐渐增大。含气煤的高温和低温异常前兆主要是由气体解吸、体积膨胀和热摩擦引起的。瓦斯的存在抑制了煤表面IRT的增加，增加了含气煤的红外辐射（IR）监测预警难度。