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A continuous switching contact model for virtual environment based teleoperation
Complex & Intelligent Systems ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-23 , DOI: 10.1007/s40747-021-00464-0
Yongqing Fu 1 , Baibo Wu 1 , Weiyang Lin 1
Affiliation  

Virtual environment (VE), as the proxy of slave contact environment, is the most promising technology to solve the time-delay problems in teleoperation. The accuracy of the predicted force depends not only on the reliability of the contact model but also on the estimation algorithm’s adaptability. A new contact model is proposed to be applicable in various materials, which includes both the Kelvin–Voigt model (KVM) and Hunt–Crossley model (HCM). An extra parameter is set in the model to express the capacity of continuous switching between KVM and HCM, whose rationality is proved based on the energy loss. The energy loss is proportional to a power of impact velocity, and the exponent is bounded at [2,3], which exactly lies between KVM and HCM. Furthermore, to estimate the parameters with a single-stage method, the nonlinear model is linearized approximatively with logarithm function and polynomials. Then, the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm combining forgetting factor and self-perturbing action is designed to identify the four parameters online. Finally, the model’s continuous switching is verified with ideal simulation, and the model parameters are continuously changed without jumpy switch error. In the experiment, sponge, foam, and human hand represent the complex contact materials of the slave environment where the predicted force is shown to follow the real contact force with enough accuracy. Therefore, the virtual model can be considered the substitution of slave contact environment so that the feedback force in master can be calculated in real-time.



中文翻译:

基于远程操作的虚拟环境连续切换触点模型

虚拟环境(VE)作为从站联系环境的代理,是解决遥操作时延问题最有前途的技术。预测力的准确性不仅取决于接触模型的可靠性,还取决于估计算法的适应性。提出了一种适用于各种材料的新接触模型,其中包括 Kelvin-Voigt 模型 (KVM) 和 Hunt-Crossley 模型 (HCM)。模型中设置了一个额外的参数来表达KVM和HCM之间连续切换的能力,基于能量损失证明了其合理性。能量损失与冲击速度的幂成正比,指数以 [2,3] 为界,正好介于 KVM 和 HCM 之间。此外,为了用单阶段方法估计参数,非线性模型用对数函数和多项式近似线性化。然后,设计了结合遗忘因子和自扰动作的递归最小二乘 (RLS) 算法来在线识别四个参数。最后,通过理想仿真验证模型的连续切换,模型参数连续变化,无跳动切换误差。在实验中,海绵、泡沫和人手代表了从属环境的复杂接触材料,其中预测力以足够的精度跟随真实接触力。因此,虚拟模型可以被认为是从接触环境的替代,从而可以实时计算主的反馈力。结合遗忘因子和自扰动作的递归最小二乘 (RLS) 算法旨在在线识别四个参数。最后,通过理想仿真验证模型的连续切换,模型参数连续变化,无跳动切换误差。在实验中,海绵、泡沫和人手代表了从属环境的复杂接触材料,其中预测力以足够的精度跟随真实接触力。因此,虚拟模型可以被认为是从接触环境的替代,从而可以实时计算主的反馈力。结合遗忘因子和自扰动作的递归最小二乘 (RLS) 算法旨在在线识别四个参数。最后,通过理想仿真验证模型的连续切换,模型参数连续变化,无跳动切换误差。在实验中,海绵、泡沫和人手代表了从属环境的复杂接触材料,其中预测力以足够的精度跟随真实接触力。因此,虚拟模型可以被认为是从接触环境的替代,从而可以实时计算出主的反馈力。模型连续切换通过理想仿真验证,模型参数连续变化,无跳动切换误差。在实验中,海绵、泡沫和人手代表了从属环境的复杂接触材料,其中预测力以足够的精度跟随真实接触力。因此,虚拟模型可以被认为是从接触环境的替代,从而可以实时计算主的反馈力。模型连续切换通过理想仿真验证,模型参数连续变化,无跳动切换误差。在实验中,海绵、泡沫和人手代表了从属环境的复杂接触材料,其中预测力以足够的精度跟随真实接触力。因此,虚拟模型可以被认为是从接触环境的替代,从而可以实时计算主的反馈力。

更新日期:2021-07-23
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