Central nervous system stimulants are established treatments for pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with robust efficacy data. Reductions in appetite, weight, and growth velocity are some of the most common concerns regarding the long-term use of central nervous system stimulants in developing children. They are associated with suppression of weight and body mass index in childhood. However, both weight and body mass index often progressively increase over adolescence at rates faster than those seen in non-attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder youth to the degree that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with elevated body mass index by the end of adolescence regardless of medication use. The capacity of central nervous system stimulants to slow growth was identified 50 years ago. Recent work has established that the growth deficits accumulate during the first 2 years of use and may persist provided medication is used. Early initiation coupled with persistent use through adolescence is most likely to be associated with clinical impactful growth suppression. There has been limited formal investigation of treatments for stimulant-associated reductions in weight and height. The most robust evidence exists for drug holidays improving weight gain. Observational studies suggest that limiting lifetime exposure or discontinuing medication is associated with greater adult height. Additional research is needed to identify the causal mechanisms driving the observed slowing in growth as well as the identification of predictors of clinically impactful growth suppression.

中枢神经系统兴奋剂是儿科注意力缺陷/多动障碍的既定治疗方法，具有可靠的疗效数据。食欲、体重和生长速度的降低是发育中儿童长期使用中枢神经系统兴奋剂最常见的一些问题。它们与儿童期体重和体重指数的抑制有关。然而，体重和体重指数在青春期通常以比非注意力缺陷/多动障碍青少年更快的速度逐渐增加，以至于注意力缺陷/多动障碍与体重指数的升高有关。青春期不管用药。中枢神经系统兴奋剂减缓生长的能力是 50 年前确定的。最近的工作已经确定，在使用的头 2 年中，生长不足会累积，并且如果使用药物，可能会持续存在。早期开始加上在青春期持续使用最有可能与临床有效的生长抑制有关。对与兴奋剂相关的体重和身高降低的治疗的正式研究有限。最有力的证据表明药物假期可以改善体重增加。观察性研究表明，限制终生暴露或停药与成年身高增加有关。需要进一步的研究来确定驱动观察到的生长放缓的因果机制，以及确定具有临床影响的生长抑制的预测因子。