Abstract

Models of cultivars of agricultural crops are created for certain agro-climatic conditions. The aim of the research is to supplement the existing models of two- and multirow spring barley cultivars adaptive to the soil-climatic conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region with new features and properties for their more effective implementation. Studies were carried out using extensive, statistically processed data from collection nurseries and competitive variety tests for 2003–2019. Cultivars having longer growing periods were characterized by high yields. Under the conditions of the region, barley cultivars formed yields due to a different combination of elements of the yield structure. Thus, a significant contribution to yields was made by the spike productivity and the thousand kernel weight; however, in multirow barley, the dependence of productivity on these traits was more significant (r = 0.61 and 0.78, respectively) than in two-row barley (r = 0.40 and 0.42). In all cultivars, the density of plants per unit area for harvesting should not exceed 350–400 pieces per m². The optimal ratio of the count of grains per spike and the thousand kernel weight in two-row cultivars is 1.0 : 2.3 and that in multirow cultivars 1 : 1. Lodging-resistant cultivars of both the subspecies were characterized by a large number of nodular roots and a ratio of grain mass to straw of 1.0 : 1.0 or 1.1 : 1.0, depending on the growing conditions. To select forms with high adaptive properties, it is necessary to use the root length index (RLI), which characterizes the growth of the root system under stress, and the RSR index, which reflects the distribution of plastic substances whose values should approach 100%, and changes in physiological processes in plants under stress should be minimal (the integral index of resistance). The statistically significant association (at p ≤ 0.05) of chlorophyll a (r = 0.64), chlorophyll b (r = 0.58), and carotenoids (r = 0.60) in the second last leaf with the yield capacity also makes these indicators promising for use in barley breeding.

中文翻译：

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伏尔加-维亚特卡地区大麦品种建模的当前方法

摘要

针对某些农业气候条件创建农作物品种模型。研究的目的是补充现有的适应伏尔加-维亚特卡地区土壤气候条件的两行和多行春大麦品种模型，使其具有新的特征和特性，以便更有效地实施。使用来自收集苗圃和竞争品种测试的广泛、统计处理的数据进行了 2003-2019 年的研究。具有较长生长期的栽培品种的特点是产量高。在该地区条件下，大麦品种因产量结构要素组合不同而形成产量。因此，穗产量和千粒重对产量做出了重大贡献；然而，在多行大麦中，r = 0.61 和 0.78，分别）比两行大麦（r = 0.40 和 0.42）。在所有品种中，单位面积收获的植株密度不应超过350-400株/m ². 两行品种穗粒数与千粒重的最佳比为1.0:2.3，多行品种为1:1。两个亚种的抗倒伏品种均具有大量的根瘤特征谷物质量与秸秆的比例为 1.0 : 1.0 或 1.1 : 1.0，具体取决于生长条件。为了选择具有高适应性的形式，有必要使用表征根系在应力下生长的根长指数（RLI）和反映塑性物质分布的 RSR 指数，其值应接近 100% ，并且植物在胁迫下生理过程的变化应该是最小的（抗性的积分指数）。叶绿素的统计学显着关联（p ≤ 0.05）a ( r = 0.64)、叶绿素b ( r = 0.58) 和具有产量能力的倒数第二片叶中的类胡萝卜素 ( r = 0.60) 也使这些指标有望用于大麦育种。