Abstract

Rational use of methods and means of biological reclamation on drained lands creates conditions to obtain the planned harvest of good quality, to prevent soil degradation, and to provide possible detoxication of the soil cover, water sources, and agricultural products. This work shows the role of biological reclamation on drained lands based on the use of three classes of reclamation agents: organic fertilizers, fertilizing biological preparations, and phytoameliorants. The class of organic fertilizers is the most widely used on drained soils. It is dominated by manure, bird droppings, and compost formed on their basis. Technologies for compost production from organic materials are constantly improved, with the use of the method of biological aerobic solid-phase fermentation in particular. The product of bioconversion of organic materials—multipurpose compost—is characterized by a high content of nutrients (2.5–2.7% of total nitrogen; 2.0–2.2% of phosphorus; and 1.5–1.7% of potassium) and by a number of other favorable properties. The use of Galéga orientális as a phytoameliorant on drained lands enables the accumulation to 480 kg/ha of nitrogen per year due to the legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Biological products of a complex bioameliorative effect provide a favorable nutrition regime for crops cultivated on reclaimed soils.

中文翻译：

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排水土地的生物改良

摘要

合理利用排水土地上的生物复垦方法和手段，为获得高质量的计划收获创造条件，防止土壤退化，并为土壤覆盖物、水源和农产品提供可能的解毒。这项工作展示了生物复垦在排水土地上的作用，基于使用三类复垦剂：有机肥料、施肥生物制剂和植物改良剂。有机肥料类别在排水土壤上使用最广泛。它以粪便、鸟粪和在它们的基础上形成的堆肥为主。有机材料的堆肥生产技术不断改进，特别是使用生物好氧固相发酵方法。有机材料的生物转化产品——多用途堆肥——的特点是营养成分含量高（总氮的 2.5-2.7%；磷的 2.0-2.2%；钾的 1.5-1.7%）和许多其他有利的特性。指某东西的用途由于豆科植物与根瘤菌的共生关系，Galéga orientális作为排水土地上的植物改良剂，每年可积累 480 公斤/公顷的氮。具有复杂生物改良作用的生物产品为在开垦土壤上种植的作物提供了有利的营养体系。