Abstract

This paper examines the effects of the long-term application of fertilizers on the phosphate regime in a sod–podzolic heavy loamy soil in the western piedmont of the Ural Mountains. The study was conducted to assess the influence of the organic (manure at doses of 10 and 20 t/ha of arable land per year), mineral (mineral fertilizers in amounts equivalent to the NPK content in manure at doses of 10 and 20 t/ha per year), and organomineral (manure at doses of 5, 10, and 20 t/ha per year in combination with mineral fertilizers in amounts equivalent to the NPK content in manure) fertilization systems on the fractional composition of mineral phosphates (determined using the Ginzburg–Lebedeva method) and mobile phosphorus content in the soil. The 1-m soil layer was studied in the framework of a long-term, outdoor stationary eight-field crop rotation experiment launched in 1968. It is established that the Fe–P (45%) and Ca–P (42%) fractions predominate in the composition of mineral phosphates in the sod–podzolic soil. The long-term systematic application of fertilizers results in a significant increase in content of the most mobile fraction: calcium and ferrous phosphates (Ca–PI and Fe–P) in the soil. The organic, mineral, and organomineral fertilization systems statistically significantly increase the mobile phosphorus content in the arable layer (from 125 to 192–368 mg/kg). The mobile phosphorus reserves in the arable layer increase by 1.7–3.0 times, while those in the 1-m soil layer by 1.1–1.6 times. The maximum effect on the soil phosphate regime parameters was noted in the variant involving the application of manure at a dose of 20 t/ha per year in combination with NPK in an equivalent amount. The observed changes in the fractional composition of phosphates and mobile phosphorus content are consistent with the existing balance of this element in the soil.

中文翻译：

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施肥系统及其长期施用对草皮-灰化土壤剖面中矿物磷酸盐和移动磷含量的分数组成的影响

摘要

本文研究了长期施用化肥对乌拉尔山脉西部山麓草皮-灰化重壤土中磷酸盐体系的影响。进行该研究是为了评估有机物（每年 10 吨和 20 吨/公顷耕地的肥料）、矿物（相当于 10 和 20 吨/公顷肥料中 NPK 含量的矿物肥料）的影响。公顷/年）和有机矿物（每年 5、10 和 20 吨/公顷剂量的粪肥与相当于粪肥中 NPK 含量的矿物肥料结合使用）关于矿物磷酸盐部分组成的施肥系统（使用Ginzburg-Lebedeva 方法）和土壤中的移动磷含量。在长期的框架内研究了 1 米土层，1968 年启动的户外固定八田作物轮作试验。已确定 Fe-P (45%) 和 Ca-P (42%) 组分在草皮-灰化土壤中矿物磷酸盐的组成中占主导地位。化肥的长期系统施用导致土壤中最易流动部分的含量显着增加：钙和磷酸亚铁（Ca-PI 和 Fe-P）。有机、矿物和有机矿物施肥系统在统计上显着增加了可耕层中的移动磷含量（从 125 到 192–368 mg/kg）。耕地层的移动磷储量增加了1.7-3.0倍，而1-m土层的移动磷储量增加了1.1-1.6倍。在涉及以每年 20 吨/公顷的剂量与等量的 NPK 结合施用粪肥的变体中注意到对土壤磷酸盐制度参数的最大影响。观察到的磷酸盐成分和移动磷含量的变化与该元素在土壤中的现有平衡一致。