Abstract

Studies were carried out to create highly heterotic interlinear winter rye hybrids F₁ based on Pampa CMS and to identify high-yielding combinations with the best grain quality. More than 350 relatively highly productive and short-stemmed inbred forms were obtained by repeated inbreeding of self-fertile plants. Analogs with sterile Pampa cytoplasm were created using 40 of the best lines by saturating backcrosses. Interline crosses were carried out and lines with high general and specific combining ability, as well as forms with complete restoration of fertility and fixing of sterility, were identified. Based on inbred lines originating from the Saratov (H-1185, H-1247) and Vyatka (H-1423, H-1432) gene pools, by crossing a simple interline hybrid F₁ (cms H-1185 × mf H-1247) with a two-line synthetic C-899/20 Rf (obtained from crossing the lines Н-1423 and Н-1432), a promising commercial rye hybrid Nemchinovsky 1 was created. During the years of competitive testing (2017–2020), its average yield was 6.4 t/ha, which is 0.63 t/ha, or 10.9%, higher than for the Valdai reference. This was due to the higher number of ears per 1 m² (by 98 pcs.). The average plant height was 136 cm, which is 3 cm lower than the reference. Due to the strong stem, the hybrid is characterized by better lodging resistance, while its winter hardiness and thousand kernel weight are comparable to those of the reference. Nemchinovsky 1 is characterized by better indicators of grain quality: it consistently outperforms the reference in terms of amylogram height (by 64 units), falling number (by 41 s), starch gelatinization temperature (by 1°C), viscosity of aqueous extract of grain meal (by 0.7 cP), and shape stability of hearth bread (by 0.04 units).

中文翻译：

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基于Pampa CMS的冬黑麦杂交种选育

摘要

进行了研究以创建基于 Pampa CMS 的高杂种间行冬季黑麦杂种 F ₁并确定具有最佳谷物质量的高产组合。通过重复近交自交植物，获得了 350 多种相对高产和短茎近交形式。使用 40 个最佳品系通过饱和回交产生具有不育 Pampa 细胞质的类似物。进行系间杂交，鉴定出具有高一般和特异配合力的品系，以及完全恢复育性和固定不育性的形式。基于源自 Saratov (H-1185, H-1247) 和 Vyatka (H-1423, H-1432) 基因库的自交系，通过杂交一个简单的间系杂种 F ₁(cms H-1185 × mf H-1247) 和两系合成 C-899/20 Rf（从 Н-1423 和 Н-1432 交叉获得），创造了一种有前途的商业黑麦杂交 Nemchinovsky 1。在竞争性测试年份（2017-2020 年），其平均产量为 6.4 吨/公顷，比 Valdai 参考高 0.63 吨/公顷，即 10.9%。这是因为每 1 m ²的耳朵数量较多（98 个）。平均株高为136 cm，比参考低3 cm。由于茎结实，该杂交种具有更好的抗倒伏性，而其越冬性和千粒重与参考相比。Nemchinovsky 1 的特点是更好的谷物质量指标：它在淀粉高度（64 个单位）、下降数（41 秒）、淀粉糊化温度（1°C）、水提取物的粘度方面始终优于参考谷物粉（降低 0.7 cP）和炉膛面包的形状稳定性（降低 0.04 个单位）。