Abstract

This paper discusses the effect of drip irrigation on the yield and quality of sweet cherry yearlings. The experiment involved three variants. In the control variant, the soil moisture content in the 0.4-m layer was maintained at a level not less than 80% of the field moisture capacity (FMC) throughout the entire growing season. In the second variant, the soil moisture was maintained at 80% of the FMC in the 0.2-m layer until the beginning of the active bole growth phase with subsequent extension of the wetted layer to 0.4 m. In the third variant, the water regime differentiated by layers (similar to the one in the second variant) was maintained until the end of the active seedling growth phase; then the preirrigation moisture level was reduced to 70% of the FMC. Watering rates required to maintain the soil moisture level at 80% of the FMC were 50 m³/ha for the 0.2-m layer and 100 m³/ha for the 0.4-m layer. A watering rate of 160 m³/ha was required to maintain the soil moisture level at 70% of the FMC in the 0.4-m layer. The seasonal irrigation requirements were 1675, 1763, and 1577 m³/ha, respectively. The best values of such parameters as central bole height, root collar diameter, and share of class one seedlings were registered in the second variant; they exceeded the control values by 50 mm, 4.3 mm, and 6%, respectively. The third variant was the most water-saving option: the irrigation water costs were lower by 110 m³/ha in comparison with the control and by 186 m³/ha in comparison with the second variant.

中文翻译：

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土壤水分制度的基本原理和甜樱桃幼苗的滴灌规定

摘要

本文讨论了滴灌对甜樱桃一岁鸽产量和品质的影响。该实验涉及三个变体。在对照变体中，在整个生长季节，0.4 米层的土壤水分含量保持在不低于田间水分容量 (FMC) 的 80% 的水平。在第二个变体中，土壤水分保持在 0.2-m 层中 FMC 的 80%，直到活跃的葡萄生长阶段开始，随后将湿润层扩展到 0.4m。在第三个变体中，按层区分的水分状况（与第二个变体中的相似）一直保持到活跃的幼苗生长阶段结束；然后将灌溉前的水分含量降低到 FMC 的 70%。0.2-m 层为³ /ha，0.4-m 层为 100 m ³ /ha。需要 160 m ³ /ha 的浇水率才能将 0.4 米层中土壤水分含量保持在 FMC 的 70%。季节性灌溉需求分别为 1675、1763 和 1577 m ³ /ha。中心轴高、根环直径和一级幼苗份额等参数的最佳值记录在第二个变体中；它们分别超过控制值 50 毫米、4.3 毫米和 6%。第三个变体是最节水的选择：灌溉用水成本与对照相比降低了 110 m ³ /ha，与第二个变体相比降低了 186 m ³ /ha。