Since the eruption of the Covid-19 pandemic, in response to the global health emergency, governments have focused on designing policies aimed at the development of more innovative products and services. Effective collaboration, communication, and Open Innovation (OI) between government organizations, education and research institutions, and the marketplace have been fundamental to the success of each country's response during the crisis period. Using a comprehensive data set from OECD on innovation policies implemented by governments before and during the Covid-19 crisis, this paper analyses the extent to which these innovation policies promote OI and how these policy decisions evolve to support an effective response to the pandemic. Through a cluster analysis, we identify four possible government innovation policy strategies (centralizers; conservative OI promoters; collaborative supporters; open collaborators) and analyze how these strategies evolve before and during Covid-19. Our findings confirm that even though there is an increased use of innovation policies promoting OI during the crisis, there is little evidence of consistency between the policy strategy used pre-Covid and during the crisis for each country. However, there is an increased use of four types of innovation policy instruments, i.e., those entailing formal consultation with stakeholders and experts; fellowships and postgraduate loans and scholarships; networking and collaborative platforms; and dedicated support to research infrastructures. Although the paper limits the scope of the analysis to the early government reactions in selected OECD countries, it captures an important moment in time (i.e., reaction to a severe shock), which opens avenues for future studies.

中文翻译：

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Covid-19 对促进开放式创新的创新政策的影响

自 Covid-19 大流行爆发以来，为应对全球卫生紧急情况，各国政府一直致力于制定旨在开发更多创新产品和服务的政策。政府组织、教育和研究机构以及市场之间的有效合作、沟通和开放式创新 (OI) 是每个国家在危机期间成功应对的基础。本文利用经合组织提供的关于政府在 Covid-19 危机之前和期间实施的创新政策的综合数据集，分析了这些创新政策在多大程度上促进了 OI，以及这些政策决策如何演变以支持有效应对这一流行病。通过聚类分析，我们确定了四种可能的政府创新政策策略（集中器；保守的 OI 启动子；协作支持者；开放合作者）并分析这些策略在 Covid-19 之前和期间是如何演变的。我们的研究结果证实，尽管在危机期间促进 OI 的创新政策的使用有所增加，但几乎没有证据表明每个国家在 Covid 之前和危机期间使用的政策策略之间具有一致性。然而，越来越多地使用四种类型的创新政策工具，即那些需要与利益相关者和专家进行正式磋商的工具；奖学金和研究生贷款和奖学金；网络和协作平台；并专门支持研究基础设施。尽管本文将分析范围限制在选定的经合组织国家的早期政府反应，但它抓住了一个重要的时刻（即，