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A Probabilistic Framework to Model Distributions of VS30
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-01 , DOI: 10.1785/0120200281
Utkarsh Mital 1 , Sean Ahdi 2, 3 , Julie Herrick 4 , Junko Iwahashi 5 , Alexandros Savvaidis 6 , Alan Yong 7
Affiliation  

The time‐averaged shear‐wave velocity in the upper 30 m depth from the ground surface, or VS30⁠, is often used as a predictor to describe local site effects in ground‐motion models. Although VS30 is typically determined from in situ measurements, it is not always feasible to obtain such measurements due to project restrictions or site accessibility. This motivates the development and use of proxy‐based VS30 predictions that leverage more readily available secondary information such as surface geology, topographic slope, or geomorphic terrain classes to estimate the mean VS30 and associated uncertainty. Traditionally, empirical distributions of VS30 have been observed to have long right tails, leading to high levels of associated uncertainty. In this study, we present a physical framework that is grounded in fundamental principles of geostatistics and probability to explain the uncertainty and skewness associated with VS30 measurements. Specifically, by invoking Lyapunov’s central limit theorem, we hypothesize that the distribution of VS30 can be theoretically approximated by a reciprocal–normal distribution. We show that a non‐normal and skewed distribution of VS30 is to be expected and is not a sign of measurement error or sampling bias, although sampling bias can exaggerate such skewness. Our framework also enables us to propose the mode as a characteristic value of VS30 measurements, as opposed to the mean or median, which can overestimate the most probable value.

中文翻译:

VS30 分布模型的概率框架

距地表上部 30 m 深度的时间平均横波速度,或 VS30,通常用作描述地面运动模型中局部场地效应的预测指标。尽管 VS30 通常是通过现场测量确定的,但由于项目限制或现场可达性,获得此类测量值并不总是可行的。这推动了基于代理的 VS30 预测的开发和使用,这些预测利用更容易获得的次要信息(如地表地质、地形坡度或地貌地形类别)来估计平均 VS30 和相关的不确定性。传统上,已经观察到 VS30 的经验分布具有很长的右尾,导致相关的不确定性很高。在这项研究中,我们提出了一个基于地质统计学和概率基本原理的物理框架来解释与 VS30 测量相关的不确定性和偏度。具体来说,通过调用李雅普诺夫中心极限定理,我们假设 VS30 的分布在理论上可以由倒数正态分布近似。我们表明 VS30 的非正态和偏态分布是可以预料的,并且不是测量误差或采样偏差的迹象,尽管采样偏差会夸大这种偏度。我们的框架还使我们能够提出模式作为 VS30 测量的特征值,而不是平均值或中值,后者可能会高估最可能的值。通过调用李雅普诺夫中心极限定理,我们假设 VS30 的分布在理论上可以近似为倒数正态分布。我们表明 VS30 的非正态和偏态分布是可以预料的,并且不是测量误差或采样偏差的迹象,尽管采样偏差会夸大这种偏度。我们的框架还使我们能够提出模式作为 VS30 测量的特征值,而不是平均值或中值,后者可能会高估最可能的值。通过调用李雅普诺夫中心极限定理,我们假设 VS30 的分布在理论上可以近似为倒数正态分布。我们表明 VS30 的非正态和偏态分布是可以预料的,并且不是测量误差或采样偏差的迹象,尽管采样偏差会夸大这种偏度。我们的框架还使我们能够提出模式作为 VS30 测量的特征值,而不是平均值或中值,后者可能会高估最可能的值。
更新日期:2021-07-23
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