Several building codes, such as the National Building Code of Canada, recommend that an effective stress ground response analysis be performed if a liquefiable stratum is identified within a soil profile. Although, constitutive models for total stress ground response analysis have been well verified against earthquake recordings, existing models for effective stress ground response analysis have yet to be thoroughly validated. This article investigates the predictions of five pore pressure models derived for effective stress ground response analysis. First, a dataset of five downhole arrays and two centrifuge experiments in which a potential of liquefaction was identified is presented. The profiles and ground‐motion recordings are selected to represent a broad range of soil properties, ground‐motion intensities, and excess‐pore pressure generation levels. The differences between predictions of the effective stress models against commonly used 1D ground response total stress equivalent‐linear and nonlinear analyses are evaluated. The predicted and measured motions are compared in terms of spectral response and amplification factor. The pore pressure response of all models is evaluated as a function of shear strain and found to agree well with published correlations representing the expected behavior of liquefiable soils. Although, the models show the ability to capture liquefaction triggering, the results indicate that for the selected dataset, total stress simulations were found to be, at least, as precise and accurate as the effective stress simulations. Therefore, simplified models for effective stress ground analysis should be used with caution by practicing engineers to predict surface spectra but can be used confidently to assess the potential for liquefaction triggering.

中文翻译：

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非线性一维有效应力地面响应分析中简化本构模型的性能研究

一些建筑规范（例如加拿大国家建筑规范）建议，如果在土壤剖面中识别出可液化的地层，则应执行有效的应力地面响应分析。尽管总应力地面响应分析的本构模型已经根据地震记录得到了很好的验证，但现有的有效应力地面响应分析模型尚未得到彻底验证。本文研究了用于有效应力地面响应分析的五个孔隙压力模型的预测。首先，提供了五个井下阵列和两个离心机实验的数据集，其中确定了液化的潜力。选择剖面和地面运动记录来代表广泛的土壤性质、地面运动强度、和超孔隙压力产生水平。评估了有效应力模型的预测与常用的一维地面响应总应力等效线性和非线性分析之间的差异。在光谱响应和放大系数方面比较预测的和测量的运动。所有模型的孔隙压力响应都被评估为剪切应变的函数，并发现与已发表的代表可液化土壤预期行为的相关性非常吻合。尽管模型显示了捕获液化触发的能力，但结果表明，对于选定的数据集，发现总应力模拟至少与有效应力模拟一样精确和准确。所以，