The rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) cultivar “93-11” is a reference genotype used in many studies; however, its recalcitrance during transformation and regeneration greatly limits functional genomics and breeding research. In this study, we developed an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformation system for “93-11”, based on the phosphor mannose isomerase (PMI) positive selection system. Calli of “93-11” were transformed with the Agrobacterium strain EHA105 harboring a binary vector, containing the PMI gene and an RNAi sequence targeting TILLER ANGLE CONTROLLING 1 (TAC1). We also developed a method for removing Agrobacterium from the callus following co-cultivation and determined the optimal conditions for PMI selection and callus differentiation. Compared with the hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) selection system, newly generated calli were recovered at higher rates on the PMI selection medium, with “93-11” transformation frequency reaching 7.50%. Notably, the down-regulation of TAC1 in the “93-11” genetic background led to a more compact plant architecture. Overall, this work presents a genetic transformation system suitable for the reference indica variety “93-11” using a non-antibiotic selectable agent. This advance will facilitate functional genomic research and the improvement of agronomic traits for indica varieties recalcitrant to transformation.

水稻（Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica）栽培品种“93-11”是许多研究中使用的参考基因型；然而，它在转化和再生过程中的顽固性极大地限制了功能基因组学和育种研究。在本研究中，我们基于磷甘露糖异构酶 (PMI) 阳性选择系统开发了一种高效的根癌农杆菌介导的“93-11”转化系统。“93-11”的愈伤组织用带有二元载体的农杆菌菌株EHA105转化，该载体含有PMI基因和靶向TILLER ANGLE CONTROLLING 1 ( TAC1 )的RNAi序列。我们还开发了一种去除农杆菌的方法从共培养后的愈伤组织中提取，并确定了 PMI 选择和愈伤组织分化的最佳条件。与潮霉素磷酸转移酶（HPT）选择系统相比，新产生的愈伤组织在 PMI 选择培养基上的回收率更高，“93-11”转化频率达到 7.50%。值得注意的是，“93-11”遗传背景中TAC1的下调导致更紧凑的植物结构。总的来说，这项工作提出了一种使用非抗生素选择剂适用于参考籼稻品种“93-11”的遗传转化系统。这一进展将促进功能基因组研究和改善难以转化的籼稻品种的农艺性状。