This study used a family systems framework to examine associations between parent-child synchrony, interparental relationship satisfaction, and children's emotion regulation. The sample included 75 families from socioeconomically and ethnically diverse backgrounds who had a child between 18 and 27 months (M_age = 20.9 months). Mothers and fathers from the same families completed separate visits with their child. Mother-child and father-child synchrony (i.e., the extent to which dyads displayed a contingent pattern of communication) were coded from observations of parent-child teaching tasks completed individually with their child. Children's emotion regulation was coded from observations of a brief frustration task and included codes for children's emotional distress and adaptive coping (i.e., task-focused coping strategies). Results from dyadic path models demonstrated that father-child, but not mother-child, synchrony was associated with less distress in toddlers, and that fathers’ self-reported interparental relationship satisfaction was negatively associated with toddlers’ coping. The final model revealed that mothers’ relationship satisfaction moderated associations between both mother-child and father-child synchrony and toddlers’ adaptive coping. Further, fathers’ relationship satisfaction moderated the association between father-child synchrony and toddlers’ distress. These results suggest that the quality of father-child interactions play a unique and important role in supporting children's emotion regulation in challenging situations, and that interparental relationship satisfaction is a key factor to consider. Further, this work highlights the importance of considering the entire family system, such as how interactions between parents indirectly influence children's development.

本研究使用家庭系统框架来检验亲子同步性、亲子关系满意度和儿童情绪调节之间的关联。样本包括来自75个社会经济地位家庭和不同种族背景的谁了18和27个月的孩子（中号_年龄= 20.9 个月）。来自同一家庭的母亲和父亲分别完成了对孩子的探访。母子和父子同步性（即，二人组表现出一种偶然的交流模式的程度）是根据对与孩子单独完成的亲子教学任务的观察进行编码的。儿童的情绪调节是根据对短暂挫折任务的观察进行编码的，包括儿童情绪困扰和适应性应对（即以任务为中心的应对策略）的代码。二元路径模型的结果表明，父子同步，而不是母子同步，与幼儿的较少痛苦相关，父亲自我报告的父母间关系满意度与幼儿的应对呈负相关。最终模型显示，母亲的关系满意度调节了母子和父子同步性和幼儿适应性应对之间的关​​联。此外，父亲的关系满意度调节了父子同步与幼儿痛苦之间的关联。这些结果表明，父子互动的质量在支持儿童在具有挑战性的情况下的情绪调节方面发挥着独特而重要的作用，而父母之间的关系满意度是需要考虑的关键因素。此外，这项工作强调了考虑整个家庭系统的重要性，例如父母之间的互动如何间接影响儿童的发展。父亲的关系满意度调节了父子同步与幼儿痛苦之间的关联。这些结果表明，父子互动的质量在支持儿童在具有挑战性的情况下的情绪调节方面发挥着独特而重要的作用，而父母之间的关系满意度是需要考虑的关键因素。此外，这项工作强调了考虑整个家庭系统的重要性，例如父母之间的互动如何间接影响儿童的发展。父亲的关系满意度调节了父子同步与幼儿痛苦之间的关联。这些结果表明，父子互动的质量在支持儿童在具有挑战性的情况下的情绪调节方面发挥着独特而重要的作用，而父母之间的关系满意度是需要考虑的关键因素。此外，这项工作强调了考虑整个家庭系统的重要性，例如父母之间的互动如何间接影响儿童的发展。亲子关系满意度是一个需要考虑的关键因素。此外，这项工作强调了考虑整个家庭系统的重要性，例如父母之间的互动如何间接影响儿童的发展。亲子关系满意度是一个需要考虑的关键因素。此外，这项工作强调了考虑整个家庭系统的重要性，例如父母之间的互动如何间接影响儿童的发展。