International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ( IF 1.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s42690-021-00607-3 Pranjal Pratim Das 1
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Pesticide resistance, cross-resistance, and limitation of potential biopesticide on Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse [Commonly known as tea mosquito bug (TMB)] have strongly triggered notable economic losses in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] industries across African and some selected Asian countries like India and Bangladesh. Repellent agents like essential oils (EOs) could be quite promising to reduce the adverse and numerous side effects of synthetic pesticides; however, scientific study on chemoreception through olfaction, as a sensory modality on this pest, is yet to be done. In this study, therefore, spatial olfactory response of few selected essential oils (N=7) has been highlighted in a modified vertical Y-tube olfactometer (VYTO), which is based on the negative geotaxis crawling movement (NGCM) of the pest within the confined environment of the olfactometer. The NGCM distance covered by the TMBs was 80 cm in 16.02 ± 1.47 (Mean ± SD) min with a speed of 8×10-3 m/s. This study is also first to report the spatial repellency, as spatial activity index (SAI), of transfluthrin as a positive control (0.88%) against TMBs [SAI of 0.849 ± 0.042 (Mean ± SD)]. Based on EOs yield, natural abundance, and growth, wild Agerartum conyzoides (L.) was found to be a potential spatial repellent agent [SAI of 0.925 ± 0.036 (Mean ± SD)] against adult female TMBs. GC-MS analysis of A. conyzoides detected precocene I and precocene II, as the most probable metabolites within the highest peak area (%). This study will definitely help in the behavioral study on TMBs in the future; especially, in the elucidation of spatial bio-insecticidal properties of the abundant volatile aromatic compounds in the natural environment.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
用于评估精油对 Helopeltis theivora waterhouse 的空间排斥性的垂直 Y 管嗅觉计的制造
杀虫剂抗性、交叉抗性和对Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse [俗称茶蚊虫 (TMB)]的潜在生物杀虫剂的限制强烈引发了整个非洲和非洲的茶 [ Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] 产业的显着经济损失一些选定的亚洲国家，如印度和孟加拉国。精油 (EO) 等驱虫剂可能非常有希望减少合成杀虫剂的不利和众多副作用；然而，关于通过嗅觉的化学感受作为这种害虫的一种感官方式的科学研究还有待完成。因此，在本研究中，少数选定精油的空间嗅觉反应（N=7) 已在改进的垂直 Y 管嗅觉计 (VYTO) 中突出显示，该嗅觉计基于嗅觉计的密闭环境内害虫的负趋地爬行运动 (NGCM)。TMB 覆盖的 NGCM 距离在 16.02 ± 1.47 (Mean ± SD) min 内为 80 cm，速度为 8×10 -3 m/s。本研究还首次报告了作为空间活动指数 (SAI) 的四氟菊酯作为针对 TMB 的阳性对照 (0.88%) 的空间排斥性 [SAI 为 0.849 ± 0.042 (平均值 ± SD)]。基于 EO 产量、自然丰度和生长，野生Agerartum conyzoides (L.) 被发现是一种潜在的空间驱避剂 [SAI 为 0.925 ± 0.036 (平均值 ± SD)]，对抗成年雌性 TMB。A. conyzoides 的GC-MS 分析检测到 precocene I 和 precocene II，作为最高峰面积 (%) 内最可能的代谢物。这项研究必将有助于未来TMBs的行为研究；特别是在阐明自然环境中丰富的挥发性芳香化合物的空间生物杀虫特性方面。
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