Anthropogenic climate change is currently driving environmental transformation on a scale and at a pace that exceeds historical records. This represents an undeniably serious challenge to existing social, political, and economic systems. Humans have successfully faced similar challenges in the past, however. The archaeological record and Earth archives offer rare opportunities to observe the complex interaction between environmental and human systems under different climate regimes and at different spatial and temporal scales. The archaeology of climate change offers opportunities to identify the factors that promoted human resilience in the past and apply the knowledge gained to the present, contributing a much-needed, long-term perspective to climate research. One of the strengths of the archaeological record is the cultural diversity it encompasses, which offers alternatives to the solutions proposed from within the Western agro-industrial complex, which might not be viable cross-culturally. While contemporary climate discourse focuses on the importance of biodiversity, we highlight the importance of cultural diversity as a source of resilience.

人为气候变化目前正在以超过历史记录的规模和速度推动环境转型。这无疑是对现有社会、政治和经济体系的严峻挑战。然而，人类过去曾成功地面临过类似的挑战。考古记录和地球档案提供了难得的机会，可以观察不同气候制度和不同时空尺度下环境和人类系统之间的复杂相互作用。气候变化考古学提供了机会来确定过去促进人类复原力的因素并将所获得的知识应用于现在，为气候研究提供急需的长期视角。考古记录的优势之一是它所包含的文化多样性，它为西方农业工业综合体内部提出的解决方案提供了替代方案，这在跨文化中可能不可行。虽然当代气候话语关注生物多样性的重要性，但我们强调文化多样性作为复原力来源的重要性。