Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that control multiple aspects of health and disease. Through their interactions with components of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), astrocytes not only regulate BBB function, they also sense molecules produced by peripheral immune cells, including cytokines. Here, we review the interactions between immune cells and astrocytes and their roles in health and neurological diseases, with a special focus on multiple sclerosis (MS). We highlight known pathways that participate in astrocyte crosstalk with microglia, NK cells, T cells, and other cell types; their contribution to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases; and their potential value as therapeutic targets.

中文翻译：

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功能性免疫细胞-星形胶质细胞相互作用

星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中丰富的神经胶质细胞，可控制健康和疾病的多个方面。通过与血脑屏障 (BBB) 成分的相互作用，星形胶质细胞不仅调节 BBB 功能，还感知外周免疫细胞产生的分子，包括细胞因子。在这里，我们回顾了免疫细胞和星形胶质细胞之间的相互作用及其在健康和神经系统疾病中的作用，特别关注多发性硬化症 (MS)。我们重点介绍了参与星形胶质细胞与小胶质细胞、NK 细胞、T 细胞和其他细胞类型的串扰的已知途径；它们对神经系统疾病发病机制的贡献；以及它们作为治疗靶点的潜在价值。