As a widely used fungicide, the toxic impacts of pyraclostrobin on soil ecosystems have attracted extensive concern. Thus, it is very important and meaningful to develop effective strategies to alleviate its toxic effects. Therefore, in this study, we used corn straw-derived biochar produced at 500 °C as a soil amendment to study its effects on soil microbial populations, aggregation, enzymatic activities, and earthworm Eisenia fetida in pyraclostrobin-contaminated soil. Our results showed that biochar application (1%, w/w) significantly (Tukey test, p < 0.05) increased microbial abundance (culturable fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes), enzyme activities (urease, invertase, and dehydrogenase), and the formation of soil macroaggregates (>0.25 mm). Moreover, biochar application eliminated the toxic effects of pyraclostrobin on soil microorganisms and reduced oxidative stress and DNA damage in E. fetida by increasing the dissipation of pyraclostrobin in soil. We also found that biochar and earthworms synergistically improved the soil structure and degradation of pyraclostrobin, thus indicating that the combined application of biochar and earthworms is a better strategy to improve soil physical structure, biological properties, and health. Finally, we conclude that increasing the soil food web and physical complexity by adding biochar and earthworms may improve soil health stressed by xenobiotic pollutants.

作为一种广泛使用的杀菌剂，唑菌胺酯对土壤生态系统的毒性影响引起了广泛关注。因此，制定有效的策略来减轻其毒性作用是非常重要和有意义的。因此，在本研究中，我们使用 500 °C 生产的玉米秸秆衍生生物炭作为土壤改良剂，研究其对唑菌胺酯污染土壤中土壤微生物种群、聚集、酶活性和蚯蚓Eisenia fetida 的影响。我们的结果表明生物炭应用 (1%, w/w) 显着 (Tukey test, p < 0.05) 增加微生物丰度（可培养真菌、细菌、放线菌）、酶活性（脲酶、转化酶和脱氢酶）以及土壤大团聚体的形成（>0.25 毫米）。此外，生物炭的应用消除了唑菌胺酯对土壤微生物的毒性作用，减少了E. fetida 的氧化应激和 DNA 损伤通过增加唑菌胺酯在土壤中的消散。我们还发现生物炭和蚯蚓协同改善了土壤结构和唑菌胺酯的降解，从而表明生物炭和蚯蚓的联合施用是改善土壤物理结构、生物学特性和健康的更好策略。最后，我们得出结论，通过添加生物炭和蚯蚓来增加土壤食物网和物理复杂性可能会改善外源污染物造成的土壤健康。