Conditioned orienting response (OR) is a form of cue-directed behavior thought to indicate increased attentional and/or motivational processing of reward-associated stimuli. OR as a phenotype has been shown to predict both direct drug proclivity in female rats and behaviors indirectly related to drug proclivity in male rats, but no extant research has compared males and females in terms of their OR behavior or its notable substrates. As females are at increased risk for substance abuse, and the ovarian hormone estradiol is often cited as a driving factor for this predilection, it is important to characterize sex differences between males and females and explore what, if any, contribution estradiol has in behaviors which predict substance abuse. In these experiments, male and female rats [intact or ovariectomized (OVX) with/without estradiol replacement] were compared on a battery of behavioral tasks, including OR, novelty-seeking, attentional set-shifting, and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to amphetamine treatment. Female rats, regardless of estradiol replacement, had higher OR scores than males. OR score was a predictor of attention impairments, and estradiol availability contributed to this relationship in females. Sex differences were not observed in novelty-seeking, attentional set-shifting, or USV response to amphetamine; however, estradiol replacement did alter the presentation of these behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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条件定向的性别差异和雌二醇在成瘾相关行为中的作用。

条件定向反应 (OR) 是一种线索导向行为，被认为表明奖励相关刺激的注意力和/或动机处理增加。OR 作为一种表型已被证明可以预测雌性大鼠的直接药物倾向和与雄性大鼠药物倾向间接相关的行为，但没有现有的研究比较雄性和雌性的 OR 行为或其显着的底物。由于女性药物滥用的风险增加，并且卵巢激素雌二醇经常被认为是这种偏好的驱动因素，因此重要的是要描述男性和女性之间的性别差异，并探索雌二醇在哪些行为中的贡献（如果有的话）预测药物滥用。在这些实验中，雄性和雌性大鼠 [完整或卵巢切除 (OVX) 有/没有雌二醇替代] 对一系列行为任务进行了比较，包括 OR、新奇寻求、注意力转移和超声波发声 (USV) 与安非他明治疗。雌性大鼠，无论雌二醇替代如何，OR 评分均高于雄性大鼠。OR 评分是注意力障碍的预测指标，雌二醇的可用性促成了女性的这种关系。在寻求新奇、注意力转移或 USV 对安非他明的反应中未观察到性别差异；然而，雌二醇替代确实改变了这些行为的表现。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。和超声波发声 (USV) 来治疗苯丙胺。雌性大鼠，无论雌二醇替代如何，OR 评分均高于雄性大鼠。OR 评分是注意力障碍的预测指标，雌二醇的可用性促成了女性的这种关系。在寻求新奇、注意力转移或 USV 对安非他明的反应中未观察到性别差异；然而，雌二醇替代确实改变了这些行为的表现。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。和超声波发声 (USV) 来治疗苯丙胺。雌性大鼠，无论雌二醇替代如何，OR 评分均高于雄性大鼠。OR 评分是注意力障碍的预测指标，雌二醇的可用性促成了女性的这种关系。在寻求新奇、注意力转移或 USV 对安非他明的反应中未观察到性别差异；然而，雌二醇替代确实改变了这些行为的表现。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。或 USV 对苯丙胺的反应；然而，雌二醇替代确实改变了这些行为的表现。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。或 USV 对苯丙胺的反应；然而，雌二醇替代确实改变了这些行为的表现。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。