Over the past century, the average surface temperature and recurrent heatwaves have been steadily rising, affecting the yield potential of most food crops including bread wheat, the second most important caloric source, but is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of elevated temperatures. Significantly, the past decade has witnessed tremendous advancements in multiomics approaches to extract the key regulators that influence the adaptive responses to high temperature stress (HTS). With the help of genetic engineering technologies, transgenic wheat plants have been developed showing resistance to HTS without hampering productivity. In this review, we described the effect of rising temperature at a global scale and the drastic impacts on crops, particularly on wheat production. Also, this review is focused on accomplishing a deeper understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of HTS responses of crop plants, wheat in particular along with current strategies and technologies to generate thermotolerant varieties. Collective strategy and identified thresholds of HTS tolerance and susceptibility will contribute to the value-added modelling of wheat growth and yield under predictable future climate conditions.

在过去的一个世纪里，平均地表温度和反复出现的热浪一直在稳步上升，影响了包括面包小麦在内的大多数粮食作物的产量潜力，面包小麦是第二重要的热量来源，但特别容易受到高温的影响。重要的是，过去十年见证了多组学方法的巨大进步，以提取影响高温应激（HTS）适应性反应的关键调节因子。在基因工程技术的帮助下，已经开发出转基因小麦植物，在不影响生产力的情况下显示出对 HTS 的抗性。在这篇综述中，我们描述了全球范围内气温升高的影响以及对作物，尤其是小麦生产的巨大影响。还，本综述的重点是更深入地了解作物（特别是小麦）HTS 反应的遗传和分子基础，以及目前产生耐热品种的策略和技术。HTS 耐受性和敏感性的集体策略和确定的阈值将有助于在可预测的未来气候条件下对小麦生长和产量进行增值建模。