The geological term “mélange” is used to indicate a vast group of “chaotic rock” units with a block-in-matrix internal arrangement exhumed in orogenic belts. Geotechnically such units are often defined as “complex formations”, and are commonly associated with flysch-type formations. Such units range from coherent, bedding-concordant broken-formations to fully disrupted, discordant block-in-matrix rock assemblages. Mélanges derive from the progressive disruption and mixing of flysch-type successions from their earliest phases of development to their complete lithification and exhumation. They are the product of sedimentary (submarine mass transport), tectonic (thrust-related shearing) and mud-diapiric (fluid/gas driven remobilization of mud/shales) processes. Throughout a review of geological data, we show that the different intrinsic anatomical features and relationships with the host rocks shown by these various units allow differential internal anisotropy of the lithological properties, and, depending on their origin, size and distribution, they can variably influence the overall mechanical behavior of the host flysch-type formation. The review of geological data thus provides useful observations to distinguish different types of “complex formations” and block-in-matrix rocks with different geotechnical and mechanical characteristics, and then potentially suggesting the application of different rock or soil mechanics procedures.

地质术语“混杂岩”用于表示在造山带中挖掘出的具有块状矩阵内部排列的大量“混沌岩石”单元。从岩土上讲，此类单元通常被定义为“复杂地层”，并且通常与复理石型地层相关联。这些单元的范围从连贯的、层理一致的破碎地层到完全破坏、不协调的块状基质岩石组合。Mélanges 源于复理石型序列从其最早的发展阶段到完全的岩石化和挖掘过程的逐渐破坏和混合。它们是沉积（海底物质传输）、构造（与推力相关的剪切）和泥底辟（流体/气体驱动的泥/页岩再动员）过程的产物。纵观地质资料，我们表明，这些不同单元显示出的不同的内在解剖特征和与主岩的关系允许岩性特性的不同内部各向异性，并且，根据它们的起源、大小和分布，它们可以不同地影响主复理石的整体行为- 类型的形成。因此，对地质数据的审查提供了有用的观察，以区分不同类型的“复杂地层”和具有不同岩土和力学特性的块状基质岩石，然后可能建议应用不同的岩石或土壤力学程序。它们可以可变地影响主体复理石型地层的整体力学行为。因此，对地质数据的审查提供了有用的观察，以区分不同类型的“复杂地层”和具有不同岩土和力学特性的块状基质岩石，然后可能建议应用不同的岩石或土壤力学程序。它们可以可变地影响主体复理石型地层的整体力学行为。因此，对地质数据的审查提供了有用的观察，以区分不同类型的“复杂地层”和具有不同岩土和力学特性的块状基质岩石，然后可能建议应用不同的岩石或土壤力学程序。