Studies of modern carnivore accumulations of bone (i.e., neo-taphonomy) are crucial for interpreting fossil accumulations in the archaeological and paleontological records. Yet, studies in arid regions have been limited in both number and detailed taphonomic data, prohibiting our understanding of carnivore bone-accumulating and -modifying behavior in dry regions. Here, we present a taphonomic analysis of an impressive carnivore-accumulated bone assemblage from the Umm Jirsan lava tube in the Harrat Khaybar region, Saudi Arabia. The size and composition of the bone accumulation, as well as the presence of hyena skeletal remains and coprolites, suggest that the assemblage was primarily accumulated by striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena). Our findings (1) identify potentially useful criteria for distinguishing between accumulations generated by different species of hyenas; (2) emphasize the need for neo-taphonomic studies for capturing the full variation in carnivore bone-accumulating and modifying behavior; (3) suggest that under the right settings, striped hyena accumulations can serve as good proxies for (paleo)ecology and livestock practices; and (4) highlight the potential for future research at Umm Jirsan, as well as at the numerous nearby lava tube systems. We encourage continued neo-taphonomic efforts in regions important in human prehistory, particularly in arid zones, which have received little research attention.

对现代食肉动物骨骼堆积的研究（即新埋藏学）对于解释考古和古生物学记录中的化石堆积至关重要。然而，干旱地区的研究在数量和详细的埋藏数据方面都受到限制，阻碍了我们对干旱地区食肉动物骨骼积累和改变行为的理解。在这里，我们对沙特阿拉伯 Harrat Khaybar 地区的 Umm Jirsan 熔岩管中令人印象深刻的食肉动物堆积的骨骼组合进行了埋藏分析。骨骼堆积的大小和组成，以及鬣狗骨骼残骸和粪化石的存在，表明该组合主要由条纹鬣狗（鬣狗鬣狗）。我们的发现 (1) 确定了区分不同种类鬣狗产生的积累的潜在有用标准；(2) 强调需要进行新语音学研究以捕捉食肉动物骨骼积累和改变行为的全部变化；(3) 建议在正确的环境下，条纹鬣狗的聚集可以作为（古）生态学和畜牧业实践的良好代表；(4) 强调 Umm Jirsan 以及附近众多熔岩管系统未来研究的潜力。我们鼓励在人类史前重要的地区，特别是在干旱地区，研究很少受到关注的地区继续进行新声音学的努力。