ABSTRACT

5-methylcytosine (m⁵C) is identified as an abundant and conserved modification in various RNAs, including tRNAs, mRNAs, rRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs. The application of high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry allowed for the detection of m⁵C at a single-nucleotide resolution and at a global abundance separately; this contributes to a better understanding of m⁵C modification and its biological functions. m⁵C modification plays critical roles in diverse aspects of RNA processing, including tRNA stability, rRNA assembly, and mRNA translation. Notably, altered m⁵C modifications and mutated RNA m⁵C methyltransferases are associated with diverse pathological processes, such as nervous system disorders and cancers. This review may provide new sights of molecular mechanism and functional importance of m⁵C modification.

摘要

5-甲基胞嘧啶 (m ⁵ C) 被鉴定为各种 RNA 中丰富且保守的修饰，包括 tRNA、mRNA、rRNA 和其他非编码 RNA。高通量测序和质谱的应用允许以单核苷酸分辨率和全球丰度分别检测 m ^{5 C；}这有助于更好地理解 m ⁵ C 修饰及其生物学功能。m ⁵ C 修饰在 RNA 加工的不同方面起着关键作用，包括 tRNA 稳定性、rRNA 组装和 mRNA 翻译。值得注意的是，改变的 m ⁵ C 修饰和突变的 RNA m ⁵C甲基转移酶与多种病理过程有关，例如神经系统疾病和癌症。^{该综述可能为m 5} C修饰的分子机制和功能重要性提供新的视角。