Research on racial identity among Youth of Color has expanded considerably in recent years, but a parallel examination of racial identity among white youth has not occurred, reiterating whiteness as normative. We applied Janet Helms’s White Racial Identity Development (WRID) model among white U.S. youth (8–14 years old) to address this research gap. WRID centers racism and white supremacy, offering a framework to analyze white racial identity in the context of systemic inequity. Using longitudinal, qualitative analysis, we found age-related change over time, with some evidence of increasing resistance to racism. There was high participant variability, however, indicating that socio-cognitive abilities alone cannot predict anti-racist white identity development. We discuss implications for racial identity research and social justice-orientated developmental science.

中文翻译：

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超越种族：在白人青年中应用赫尔姆斯的白人种族身份发展模型

近年来，对有色人种青年种族身份的研究有了相当大的扩展，但尚未对白人青年的种族身份进行平行检查，重申白人是规范性的。我们在美国白人青年（8-14 岁）中应用了珍妮特·赫尔姆斯的白人种族认同发展 (WRID) 模型来解决这一研究空白。WRID 以种族主义和白人至上主义为中心，提供了一个框架来分析系统性不平等背景下的白人种族身份。使用纵向定性分析，我们发现随着时间的推移与年龄相关的变化，有一些证据表明对种族主义的抵抗力增加。然而，参与者的变异性很高，这表明仅靠社会认知能力无法预测反种族主义白人身份的发展。