We studied the timing of the spontaneous vocalization that occurs in dyadic interactions of fathers and their neonates. We recorded 21 fathers speaking to their 2 to 4-day-old newborns at the maternity ward and accurately coded all beginnings and endings of paternal and neonatal vocalization, using sound visualization software. Temporal relations between successive and overlapping newborn and father vocalizations were analysed. Results strongly suggest that newborn infants' vocalization timing is related to the timing of fathers' speech and that both newborns and fathers respond to each other within a 1–3 s temporal window, giving rise to sequences of turn-taking. This study not only shows newborns' awareness of the timing of their partner's expressions but also fathers' readiness to communicate with them right from birth. We discuss the relevance of these findings to the theory of innate intersubjectivity.

中文翻译：

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父亲-新生儿的声音互动：对先天主体间性理论的贡献

我们研究了在父亲和他们的新生儿的二元互动中发生的自发发声的时间。我们记录了 21 位父亲在产科病房与 2 至 4 天大的新生儿交谈，并使用声音可视化软件准确编码了​​父亲和新生儿发声的所有开始和结束。分析了连续和重叠的新生儿和父亲发声之间的时间关系。结果强烈表明，新生儿的发声时间与父亲讲话的时间有关，新生儿和父亲在 1-3 秒的时间窗口内相互回应，从而产生轮换序列。这项研究不仅表明新生儿对伴侣表达时机的认识，而且父亲从一出生就准备好与他们交流。