A feasible implementation of a novel X-ray detector for highly energetic X-ray photons with a large solid angle coverage, optimal for the detection of Compton X-ray scattered photons, is described. The device consists of a 20 cm-thick sensitive volume filled with xenon at atmospheric pressure. When the Compton-scattered photons interact with the xenon, the released photoelectrons create clouds of secondary ionization, which are imaged using the electroluminescence produced in a custom-made multi-hole acrylic structure. Photon-by-photon counting can be achieved by processing the resulting image, taken in a continuous readout mode. Based on Geant4 simulations, by considering a realistic detector design and response, it is shown that photon rates up to at least 10¹¹ photons s⁻¹ on-sample (5 µm water-equivalent cell) can be processed, limited by the spatial diffusion of the photoelectrons in the gas. Illustratively, if making use of the Rose criterion and assuming the dose partitioning theorem, it is shown how such a detector would allow obtaining 3D images of 5 µm-size unstained cells in their native environment in about 24 h, with a resolution of 36 nm.

中文翻译：

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基于康普顿X射线散射的新型成像技术

描述了一种用于具有大立体角覆盖范围的高能 X 射线光子的新型 X 射线探测器的可行实现，该探测器最适合于检测康普顿 X 射线散射光子。该装置由一个 20 厘米厚的敏感体积组成，其中充满了大气压下的氙气。当康普顿散射的光子与氙相互作用时，释放的光电子会产生二次电离云，这些云使用定制的多孔丙烯酸结构中产生的电致发光成像。通过处理以连续读出模式拍摄的结果图像，可以实现逐光子计数。基于Geant4模拟，通过考虑现实的探测器设计和响应，表明光子速率至少可达 10 ¹¹ 光子 s^{可以处理 -1}样品（5 µm 水当量电池），但受到气体中光电子空间扩散的限制。举例来说，如果利用 Rose 标准并假设剂量分配定理，则显示了这样的探测器如何允许在大约 24 小时内获得原始环境中 5 µm 大小的未染色细胞的 3D 图像，分辨率为 36 nm .