A moderate geomagnetic storm (Sym/H −100 nT) during June 28 and 29, 2013 was studied using Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere (CIMI) simulations and results were compared with Two wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) observations of the spatial and temporal evolution of ring current (RC) ions including ion pressure, anisotropy, intensity, and median energy. At the onset of the storm (11:00 UT on June 28), TWINS ion pressure peaks were located radially outward and dusk ward compared to CIMI. During the main phase and the recovery phase (06:00 UT on June 28 to 16:00 UT on June 29), southward IMF Bz and rapid AE index fluctuations were observed indicating substorm ion injections and TWINS observed multiple ion pressure peaks at least one of which were found to be close to the locations of CIMI ion pressure peaks. TWINS also observed regions of parallel pressure anisotropy near pre-midnight sectors. The RC ion energies in TWINS were found to be very low (10 keV) indicating convective transport of ions. When the storm had nearly recovered post 17:00 UT on June 29, TWINS and CIMI observed single pressure peaks but TWINS ion pressure peaks were radially outward compared to CIMI. Also, the spatial profiles of TWINS ion energies showed gradual removal of low-energy ions. Over all, TWINS and CIMI results were found to agree on the general features of the RC. However, effects of shielding electric fields, particle injections, and presence of ions were more prominent in TWINS data.

中文翻译：

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2013 年 6 月 28 日和 29 日 CIMI 模拟和 TWINS 观测的比较

使用综合内磁层-电离层 (CIMI) 模拟研究了 2013 年 6 月 28 日至 29 日期间的中等地磁暴 (Sym/H -100 nT)，并将结果与​​两个广角成像中性原子光谱仪 (TWINS) 观测结果进行了比较环电流 (RC) 离子的空间和时间演变，包括离子压力、各向异性、强度和中值能量。在风暴开始时（6 月 28 日 11:00 UT），与 CIMI 相比，TWINS 离子压力峰值位于径向向外和黄昏病房。在主要阶段和恢复阶段（6月28日06:00 UT至6月29日16:00 UT），向南IMF Bz观察到快速 AE 指数波动，表明亚暴离子注入和 TWINS 观察到多个离子压力峰值，其中至少一个被发现靠近 CIMI 离子压力峰值的位置。TWINS 还观察到午夜前扇区附近的平行压力各向异性区域。发现 TWINS 中的 RC 离子能量非常低 ( 10 keV)，表明离子。当风暴在 6 月 29 日 17:00 UT 后几乎恢复时，TWINS 和 CIMI 观察到单个压力峰值，但与 CIMI 相比，TWINS 离子压力峰值径向向外。此外，TWINS 离子能量的空间分布显示出低能量离子的逐渐去除。总的来说，发现 TWINS 和 CIMI 结果与 RC 的一般特征一致。然而，屏蔽电场、粒子注入和离子存在的影响在 TWINS 数据中更为突出。