This paper calls into question the universal application of the concept of populism. It points to how particular historical processes need to be taken into account when addressing the formation of populism in Latin American countries. Unlike more theorized cases as Argentinian or Mexican populism, I use the Ecuadorian case to show how critical historical contextualization of 21st-century populism requires analyzing the continuities and ruptures with sociological knowledge about a particular populism. Such an analysis of continuities and ruptures shows the theoretical convergences among Latin America as a region and the political dynamics of specific historical processes. I highlight how the conceptions of 21st-century Ecuadorian populism as a “passive revolution” or “authoritarian disfigurement of democracy” provide some theoretical tools for examining the historical process of Ecuadorian populism but ultimately fall short of critical analysis. In conclusion, I derived from the Ecuadorian case some elements for the analysis of Latin American populist projects.

本文对民粹主义概念的普遍适用提出了质疑。它指出在解决拉丁美洲国家民粹主义的形成问题时，需要如何考虑特定的历史进程。与阿根廷或墨西哥民粹主义等更理论化的案例不同，我使用厄瓜多尔的案例来展示 21 世纪民粹主义的批判性历史背景化如何需要用关于特定民粹主义的社会学知识来分析连续性和断裂。这种对连续性和断裂的分析显示了拉丁美洲作为一个地区的理论趋同以及特定历史进程的政治动态。我强调了 21 世纪厄瓜多尔民粹主义作为“被动革命”或“民主的威权毁容”的概念如何为检验厄瓜多尔民粹主义的历史进程提供了一些理论工具，但最终缺乏批判性分析。总之，我从厄瓜多尔的案例中得出了一些分析拉丁美洲民粹主义项目的要素。