Objective

We controlled participants’ glance behavior while using head-down displays (HDDs) and head-up displays (HUDs) to isolate driving behavioral changes due to use of different display types across different driving environments.

Background

Recently, HUD technology has been incorporated into vehicles, allowing drivers to, in theory, gather display information without moving their eyes away from the road. Previous studies comparing the impact of HUDs with traditional displays on human performance show differences in both drivers’ visual attention and driving performance. Yet no studies have isolated glance from driving behaviors, which limits our ability to understand the cause of these differences and resulting impact on display design.

Method

We developed a novel method to control visual attention in a driving simulator. Twenty experienced drivers sustained visual attention to in-vehicle HDDs and HUDs while driving in both a simple straight and empty roadway environment and a more realistic driving environment that included traffic and turns.

Results

In the realistic environment, but not the simpler environment, we found evidence of differing driving behaviors between display conditions, even though participants’ glance behavior was similar.

Conclusion

Thus, the assumption that visual attention can be evaluated in the same way for different types of vehicle displays may be inaccurate. Differences between driving environments bring the validity of testing HUDs using simplistic driving environments into question.

Application

As we move toward the integration of HUD user interfaces into vehicles, it is important that we develop new, sensitive assessment methods to ensure HUD interfaces are indeed safe for driving.

中文翻译：

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隔离越野扫视持续时间对驾驶性能的影响：不同驾驶场景下 HDD 和 HUD 比较的示例研究

客观的

我们控制参与者的视线行为，同时使用平视显示器 (HDD) 和平视显示器 (HUD) 来隔离由于在不同驾驶环境中使用不同显示器类型而导致的驾驶行为变化。

背景

最近，HUD 技术已被整合到车辆中，理论上，驾驶员无需将视线从道路上移开即可收集显示信息。先前的研究比较了 HUD 与传统显示器对人类表现的影响，结果表明驾驶员的视觉注意力和驾驶表现存在差异。然而，还没有研究将目光与驾驶行为分开，这限制了我们理解这些差异的原因以及由此对显示设计产生的影响的能力。

方法

我们开发了一种在驾驶模拟器中控制视觉注意力的新颖方法。20 名经验丰富的驾驶员在简单的直行和空旷道路环境以及包括交通和转弯的更真实的驾驶环境中驾驶时，持续视觉关注车载 HDD 和 HUD。

结果

在现实环境中，而不是更简单的环境中，我们发现了显示条件之间驾驶行为不同的证据，即使参与者的扫视行为相似。

结论

因此，对于不同类型的车辆显示器可以以相同的方式评估视觉注意力的假设可能是不准确的。驾驶环境之间的差异使使用简单驾驶环境测试 HUD 的有效性受到质疑。

应用

当我们朝着将 HUD 用户界面集成到车辆中的方向发展时，开发新的、灵敏的评估方法以确保 HUD 界面确实可以安全驾驶非常重要。