In conventional agriculture, several pesticides can be applied at the same stage of plant development, either individually or in mixtures and these compounds also reach aquatic ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the short-term effects of the insecticide Kraft® 36 EC (active ingredient — a.i. abamectin) and the fungicide Score® 250 EC (a.i. difenoconazole) on the zooplankton community in outdoor freshwater microcosms. The potential risks related to the exposure to both compounds, isolated and in mixture, likely to occur in the field after runoff and spray drift events of their recommended doses were assessed in these microcosms through integrative analyses of the effects on the composition, density, and functional diversity of zooplankton. Namely, these endpoints were evaluated for eight different exposures, which were (1) Runoff control — RC; (2) Kraft-contaminated runoff — RK; (3) Score-contaminated runoff — RS; (4) Kraft and Score-contaminated runoff — RKS; (5) Spray drift Control — SC; (6) Kraft spray drift — SK; (7) Score spray drift — SS; and (8) Kraft and Score spray drift — SKS. Zooplankton taxa responded quickly to physical, chemical, and biological changes in the aquatic ecosystems. The principal response curves (PRC) analyses of the zooplankton community in the microcosms indicated significant effects after all insecticide treatments, both when applied individually and in a mixture with the fungicide. The insecticide treatment (RK and SK) demonstrated a decrease in the number of unique species (sing.sp) of zooplankton in the microcosms, and RK also decreased the functional divergence (FDiv). However, it was the treatment of mixtures (SKS) that caused a decrease in functional diversity (FD) and in the functional diversity indexes (divergence and richness) and sing.sp. Thus, the results showed the risk of the insecticide and their mixture to aquatic ecosystems.

在传统农业中，可以在植物发育的同一阶段单独或混合使用几种农药，这些化合物也会进入水生生态系统。本研究的目的是调查杀虫剂 Kraft® 36 EC（活性成分——阿维菌素）和杀菌剂 Score® 250 EC（苯醚甲环唑）对室外淡水微观世界中浮游动物群落的短期影响。在这些微观世界中，通过对成分、密度和浓度的影响的综合分析，评估了在田间可能发生在其推荐剂量的径流和喷雾漂移事件后，暴露于分离的和混合物中的两种化合物的潜在风险。浮游动物的功能多样性。也就是说，这些终点是针对八种不同的暴露进行评估的，它们是 (1) 径流控制——RC；(2) 被硫酸盐污染的径流——RK；(3) 分数污染径流——RS；(4) Kraft 和 Score 污染的径流——RKS；(5) 喷雾漂移控制——SC；(6) 牛皮纸喷雾漂移——SK；(7) 喷洒漂移——SS；(8) Kraft 和 Score 喷雾漂移 — SKS。浮游动物类群对水生生态系统中的物理、化学和生物变化反应迅速。微观世界中浮游动物群落的主要响应曲线 (PRC) 分析表明，在所有杀虫剂处理后，无论是单独使用还是与杀真菌剂混合使用时，都有显着的效果。杀虫剂处理（RK 和 SK）表明微观世界中浮游动物的独特物种 (sing.sp) 数量减少，RK 也减少了功能差异 (FDiv)。然而，正是混合物（SKS）的处​​理导致功能多样性（FD）和功能多样性指数（发散度和丰富度）和sing.sp。因此，结果显示了杀虫剂及其混合物对水生生态系统的风险。