Potable groundwater resources are at risk as a result of industrial development and an increase in fertilizer use. Protection of the groundwater supply may require the establishment of groundwater source protection zones (GSPZs) to allow the implementation of protective measures. The aim of this study was to develop a new approach to groundwater source risk assessment (GSRA). The risk was defined as the highest of the risks identified for individual potential sources of contamination (PSCs). The risk resulting from a given PSC is the combination of its adverse impact on groundwater, unwanted event probability, and adverse effect and annoyance to the population. A multicriteria assessment method was designed to estimate indices of the potential groundwater impact of industrial facilities and noninert waste landfills with the range and weight method. Application of the proposed approach was tested considering an idealized model and three scenarios involving various industrial PSCs and fertilization practices. The overall nitrogen load was compared to the maximum effective nitrogen load for the crops in question. Sensitivity analysis of this methodology revealed that the main factors influencing the risk to the water supply include the nonreactive contaminant mass load in PSC leachate and the ratio of the groundwater volume abstracted from wells to the amount of water flowing from PSCs into wells, which determines the dilution degree of the contaminant mass. This proposed interdisciplinary approach to GSRA provides a robust basis to reach decisions on GSPZ establishment and the development of a groundwater risk analysis methodology.

由于工业发展和化肥使用量的增加，饮用水地下水资源面临风险。保护地下水供应可能需要建立地下水源保护区 (GSPZ) 以实施保护措施。本研究的目的是开发一种新的地下水源风险评估 (GSRA) 方法。风险被定义为针对单个潜在污染源 (PSC) 确定的最高风险。给定 PSC 导致的风险是其对地下水的不利影响、意外事件概率以及对人口的不利影响和烦恼的综合。设计了一种多标准评估方法，以使用范围和权重法估算工业设施和非惰性垃圾填埋场对地下水的潜在影响的指数。考虑到理想化模型和涉及各种工业 PSC 和施肥实践的三个场景，对所提议方法的应用进行了测试。将总氮负荷与所讨论作物的最大有效氮负荷进行比较。该方法的敏感性分析表明，影响供水风险的主要因素包括 PSC 渗滤液中的非反应性污染物质量负荷以及从井中抽取的地下水量与从 PSC 流入井中的水量之比，这决定了污染物质量的稀释度。这种针对 GSRA 提出的跨学科方法为就 GSPZ 的建立和地下水风险分析方法的开发做出决定提供了坚实的基础。