Real chemical experiments may be dangerous or pollute the environment; meanwhile, the preparation of drugs and reagents is time-consuming. Due to the above-mentioned reasons, few experiments can be actually operated by students, which is not conducive to the chemistry learning and the phenomena principle understanding. Recently, due to the impact of Covid-19, many schools adopt online teaching, which is even more detrimental to students’ learning of chemistry. Fortunately, MR(mixed reality) technology provides us with the possibility of solving the safety issues and breaking the space-time constraints, while the theory of human needs (Maslow’s hierarchical needs) provides us with a way to design a comfortable and stimulant MR system with realistic visual presentation and interaction. The paper combines with the theory of human needs to propose a new needs model for virtual experiment. Based on this needs model, we design and develop a comprehensive MR system called MagicChem, which offers a robust 6-DoF interactive and illumination consistent experimental space with virtual-real occlusion, supporting realistic visual interaction, tangible interaction, gesture interaction with touching, voice interaction, temperature interaction, olfactory interaction and virtual human interaction. User study shows that MagicChem satisfies the needs model better than other MR experimental environments that partially meet the needs model. In addition, we explore the application of the needs model in VR environment.

真正的化学实验可能存在危险或污染环境；同时，药物和试剂的制备也非常耗时。由于上述原因，学生能够实际操作的实验很少，不利于化学的学习和现象原理的理解。近期，由于Covid-19的影响，许多学校采取在线教学，这对学生化学的学习更加不利。幸运的是，MR（混合现实）技术为我们提供了解决安全问题、打破时空限制的可能性，而人类需求理论（马斯洛的层次需求）则为我们提供了设计舒适刺激的MR系统的方法。具有逼真的视觉呈现和交互。论文结合人类需求理论，提出了一种新的虚拟实验需求模型。基于这个需求模型，我们设计并开发了一个名为MagicChem的综合MR系统，它提供了强大的6-DoF交互和照明一致的实验空间，具有虚实遮挡，支持逼真的视觉交互、触觉交互、触摸手势交互、语音交互交互、温度交互、嗅觉交互、虚拟人交互。用户研究表明，MagicChem 比其他部分满足需求模型的 MR 实验环境更好地满足需求模型。此外，我们还探讨了需求模型在VR环境中的应用。