Essential hypertension in adults may begin in childhood. The damages to the heart and blood vessels in children with essential hypertension are hidden and difficult to detect. We noninvasively examined changes in cardiovascular structure and function in children with hypertension at early stage using ultrasonography. All patients with essential hypertension admitted from March 2020 to May 2021 were classified into simple hypertension (group 1, n = 34) and hypertension co-existing with obesity (group 2, n = 11) isolation. Meanwhile 32 healthy children were detected as control heathly group (group 3). We used pulse-wave Doppler to measure carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), intimal–medial thickness (cIMT) and distensibility of carotid artery (CD). Cardiac structure and function (left atrial diameter [LAD], left ventricular mass [LVM], LVM index [LVMI], relative wall thicknes [RWT], end-diastolic left ventricular internal diameter [LVIDd], diastolic interventricular septum thickness [IVSd], diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness [LVPWd], root diameter of aorta [AO], E peak, A peak, E' peak, A' peak, E/E' ratio, and E/A ratio) were measured by echocardiography. The cfPWV of children in group 1 and group 2 were significantly higher than healthy children in group 3. Significant differences were observed in LVM, LVMI, RWT, LVIDd, IVSd, LVPWd, LAD, A peak, E' peak, A' peak, and E/E’ among three groups. Children and adolescents with essential hypertension demonstrate target organ damages in the heart and blood vessels.

中文翻译：

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超声检测原发性高血压儿童心血管损害

成人原发性高血压可能始于儿童期。原发性高血压患儿对心脏和血管的损害是隐蔽的，不易察觉。我们使用超声检查无创检查了早期高血压儿童心血管结构和功能的变化。2020 年 3 月至 2021 年 5 月收治的所有原发性高血压患者分为单纯性高血压（第 1 组，n = 34）和高血压合并肥胖症（第 2 组，n = 11）。同时检测32名健康儿童作为健康对照组（第3组）。我们使用脉搏波多普勒来测量颈股脉搏波速度 (cfPWV)、内膜中层厚度 (cIMT) 和颈动脉 (CD) 的扩张性。心脏结构和功能（左心房直径 [LAD]、左心室质量 [LVM]、LVM 指数 [LVMI]、相对壁厚 [RWT]、舒张末期左心室内径 [LVIDd]、舒张期室间隔厚度 [IVSd]、舒张期左心室后壁厚度 [LVPWd]、主动脉根径 [AO]、 E 峰、A 峰、E' 峰、A' 峰、E/E' 比和 E/A 比）通过超声心动图测量。第1组和第2组儿童的cfPWV显着高于第3组健康儿童。 LVM、LVMI、RWT、LVIDd、IVSd、LVPWd、LAD、A峰值、E'峰值、A'峰值、三组之间的E/E'。患有原发性高血压的儿童和青少年表现出心脏和血管的靶器官损伤。舒张期室间隔厚度 [IVSd]、舒张期左心室后壁厚度 [LVPWd]、主动脉根部直径 [AO]、E 峰、A 峰、E' 峰、A' 峰、E/E' 比值和 E/A比率）通过超声心动图测量。第1组和第2组儿童的cfPWV显着高于第3组健康儿童。 LVM、LVMI、RWT、LVIDd、IVSd、LVPWd、LAD、A峰值、E'峰值、A'峰值、三组之间的E/E'。患有原发性高血压的儿童和青少年表现出心脏和血管的靶器官损伤。舒张期室间隔厚度 [IVSd]、舒张期左心室后壁厚度 [LVPWd]、主动脉根部直径 [AO]、E 峰、A 峰、E' 峰、A' 峰、E/E' 比值和 E/A比率）通过超声心动图测量。第1组和第2组儿童的cfPWV显着高于第3组健康儿童。 LVM、LVMI、RWT、LVIDd、IVSd、LVPWd、LAD、A峰值、E'峰值、A'峰值、三组之间的E/E'。患有原发性高血压的儿童和青少年表现出心脏和血管的靶器官损伤。第1组和第2组儿童的cfPWV显着高于第3组健康儿童。 LVM、LVMI、RWT、LVIDd、IVSd、LVPWd、LAD、A峰值、E'峰值、A'峰值、三组之间的E/E'。患有原发性高血压的儿童和青少年表现出心脏和血管的靶器官损伤。第1组和第2组儿童的cfPWV显着高于第3组健康儿童。 LVM、LVMI、RWT、LVIDd、IVSd、LVPWd、LAD、A峰值、E'峰值、A'峰值、三组之间的E/E'。患有原发性高血压的儿童和青少年表现出心脏和血管的靶器官损伤。