Reviewed by:

• Œuvres vol. IV: Ethica/Éthique by Baruch Spinoza
• Steven Nadler

The world of Spinoza scholarship has seen a number of remarkable achievements in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. There was the publication of an expanded, two-volume edition of Jakob Freudenthal's Die Lebensgeschichte Spinozas (1899) by Manfred Walther and Michael Czelinski in 2006, an indispensable resource for documents related to Spinoza's life and writings. Then there was the stunning discovery by Leen Spruit in 2010 of a manuscript of Spinoza's Ethics in the Vatican Library—the first (and so far only) extant copy.

Most important of all, however, is the project under the general direction of Pierre-François Moreau and the auspices of the Groupe de Recherches Spinozistes, and published by the Presses Universitaires de France (PUF), of a new, truly critical edition of Spinoza's texts (accompanied by French translations on facing pages). The multivolume Œuvres de Spinoza is intended to supplant Carl Gebhardt's four-volume Spinoza Opera. Gebhardt's was the standard edition through the twentieth century, and remains so for Spinoza's works and correspondence not yet produced in the PUF series. Gebhardt's edition had its advantages over the earlier, mostly German editions in the nineteenth century (when the first complete Spinoza editions appeared), including those by Paulus (1802–3), Bruder (1843–46), and (the standard edition for forty years, until Gebhardt) Van Vloten and Land (1882–83). With all due respect to and appreciation for Gebhardt's accomplishment, however, his is not a true critical edition. Moreover, as scholars have long known, it has its flaws. Thus, the new PUF edition will, once completed, be the standard edition for generations. Until now, there were three volumes: I. Premiers Écrits (includes the Tractatus de intellectus emendatione [Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect] and the Korte verhandeling van God, de mensch en deselvs welstand [Short Treatise on God, Man and His Well-Being]); III. Tractatus theologico-politicus (Theological-Political Treatise; TTP); and V. Tractatus politicus (Political Treatise).

For quite some time, scholars have anticipated the volume in the PUF series devoted to the Ethica, Spinoza's most important philosophical work. The wait is now over, and I am happy to report that their patience has been amply rewarded with a magnificent critical edition. The Latin text is established by the late Fokke Akkerman and Piet Steenbakkers; the authoritative, thoughtful French translation is by Moreau.

Spinoza published only two works in his lifetime: his presentation of parts 1 and 2 of Descartes's Principia philosophiae, accompanied by the Cogitata metaphysica (1663), and the TTP (1670, published anonymously). It was not until after—in fact, immediately after—Spinoza's death in February 1677 that his friends set to work preparing his unpublished writings for publication. From the manuscripts they inherited from the philosopher, including his autograph copy of the Ethica, they brought out, in late 1677, the Latin Opera posthuma (OP) and the Dutch De Nagelate Schriften (NS).

There have been quite a few editions of the Latin Ethica since Gebhardt, many of which were based on his text. The problem with all of these editions, whether they took their lead from Gebhardt or went directly to the OP, is that their only source was that OP text, along with the Dutch translation in the NS. They did not have access to the Vatican manuscript, which Spruit and Pina Totaro published in 2011 (the only exception is the second edition of Paolo Cristofolini's bilingual, Latin/Italian Etica [2014]). As Moreau and Steenbakkers (M/S) note in their superb and thorough introduction to this volume, the Vatican copy is of the utmost importance in producing a critical edition of the Ethica, as is a proper understanding of the relationship between the Latin text in the OP and the Dutch version in the NS.

Spinoza began the Ethica sometime between mid-1662 and early 1663. He put what was then a three-part work aside in...

审核人：

• Œuvres 卷。IV: Ethica/Ethique by Baruch Spinoza
• 史蒂文纳德勒

斯宾诺莎的学术界在 21 世纪的前二十年取得了许多非凡的成就。2006 年 Manfred Walther 和 Michael Czelinski出版了 Jakob Freudenthal 的Die Lebensgeschichte Spinozas (1899) 的两卷扩展版，这是与斯宾诺莎的生平和著作相关的文件不可或缺的资源。2010 年，Leen Spruit 在梵蒂冈图书馆发现了一份斯宾诺莎的伦理学手稿——这是第一本（也是迄今为止唯一的）现存副本。

然而，最重要的是在 Pierre-François Moreau 的总体指导下和 Groupe de Recherches Spinozistes 的赞助下，由法国大学出版社 (PUF) 出版的一个新的、真正具有批判性的斯宾诺莎著作的项目。文本（在对开页上附有法语翻译）。多卷Œuvres de Spinoza旨在取代 Carl Gebhardt 的四卷斯宾诺莎歌剧. Gebhardt's 是整个 20 世纪的标准版本，对于尚未在 PUF 系列中制作的斯宾诺莎的作品和信件仍然如此。Gebhardt 的版本比早期的，主要是 19 世纪的德文版本（当时出现第一个完整的斯宾诺莎版本）有其优势，包括 Paulus（1802-3）、Bruder（1843-46）和（四十年的标准版）年，直到 Gebhardt) Van Vloten 和 Land (1882–83)。然而，尽管对格布哈特的成就给予应有的尊重和赞赏，但他的版本并不是真正的批判性版本。而且，正如学者们早就知道的那样，它也有它的缺陷。因此，新的 PUF 版本一旦完成，将成为几代人的标准版本。到目前为止，共有三卷： I. Premiers Écrits（包括Tractatus de intellectus emendatione [关于智力修正的论文]和Korte verhandeling van God, de mensch en deselvs welstand [关于上帝、人类及其幸福的简短论文]）；三、Tractatus theologico-politicus（神学政治论文；TTP）；和 V. Tractatus politicus（政治论文）。

一段时间以来，学者们一直期待 PUF 系列中专门讨论斯宾诺莎最重要的哲学著作《伦理学》的卷。等待现已结束，我很高兴地报告，他们的耐心得到了丰厚的批评版本的充分回报。拉丁文本是由已故的 Fokke Akkerman 和 Piet Steenbakkers 建立的；权威、深思熟虑的法文译本出自莫罗之手。

斯宾诺莎一生只出版了两部作品：他介绍了笛卡尔的哲学原理的第1 部分和第 2 部分，并附有Cogitata metaphysica（1663 年）和TTP（1670 年，匿名出版）。直到 1677 年 2 月斯宾诺莎去世之后——事实上，就在这之后，他的朋友们开始着手准备他未发表的作品以供出版。他们从这位哲学家那里继承的手稿中，包括他的《伦理学》的亲笔签名副本，于 1677 年底推出了拉丁歌剧posthuma ( OP ) 和 Dutch De Nagelate Schriften ( NS )。

自格布哈特 (Gebhardt) 以来，拉丁语伦理学已有不少版本，其中许多版本均基于他的文本。所有这些版本的问题，无论他们是从 Gebhardt 还是直接转到OP，都是他们唯一的来源是OP文本，以及NS 中的荷兰语翻译。他们无法访问 Spruit 和 Pina Totaro 于 2011 年出版的梵蒂冈手稿（唯一的例外是 Paolo Cristofolini 的双语拉丁语/意大利语Etica [2014]第二版）。正如 Moreau 和 Steenbakkers (M/S) 在他们对本书精妙而透彻的介绍中指出的那样，梵蒂冈的副本对于制作伦理学的批判版至关重要。，这是对OP 中的拉丁文本和NS 中的荷兰语版本之间关系的正确理解。

斯宾诺莎在 1662 年中期和 1663 年初之间的某个时间开始了伦理学。他把当时的三部分作品放在一边……