ABSTRACT

Triphenylmethane based dyes became popular after their invention in 1858 due to their brilliant shades and high tinting strengths and were used not only as colourants for textile and paper dyeing, but also as pigments in artists' materials under the commercial name ‘Fanal®’. However, the extent of their use as pigments in artists’ paints has thus far remained unknown. Despite their bright colours, the characteristic low lightfastness of their dyes and pigments inspired further research for new precipitation methods to increase lightfastness, which ultimately resulted in precipitation using complex salts of phosphorus, tungsten, and molybdenum. The present study is based on archival source research from I.G. Farben, the former producer of Fanal®, and Royal Talens, an artists’ paint manufacturer that used these pigments. This research focuses on the history of developments in precipitation methodologies employed for early triphenylmethane dyes and the development of the various lines of Fanal® pigments in oil paints produced by the Dutch manufacturer Talens in the late 1920s and onwards. Historic literature sources, such as the Talens publication Kunstschildersmaterialen en Schildertechniek by Frits Kerdijk that document the application of Fanal® pigments, are also highlighted.

摘要

基于三苯甲烷的染料在 1858 年发明后因其鲜艳的色调和高着色力而变得流行，不仅用作纺织品和纸张染色的着色剂，而且还用作艺术家材料中的颜料，商品名为“Fanal®”。然而，迄今为止，它们在艺术家绘画中用作颜料的程度仍然未知。尽管它们的颜色鲜艳，但其染料和颜料特有的低耐光性激发了对新沉淀方法的进一步研究，以提高耐光性，最终导致使用磷、钨和钼的复合盐进行沉淀。本研究基于 Fanal® 的前生产商 IG Farben 和使用这些颜料的艺术家涂料制造商 Royal Talens 的档案来源研究。这项研究的重点是用于早期三苯甲烷染料的沉淀方法的发展历史，以及荷兰制造商 Talens 在 1920 年代后期及以后生产的油画颜料中各种 Fanal® 颜料系列的发展。历史文献来源，例如 Talens 出版物还重点介绍了 Frits Kerdijk 的Kunstschildersmaterialen en Schildertechniek记录了 Fanal® 颜料的应用。