The Standard Employment Relationship (SER) in industrialised countries is associated with strong protection for employees who fulfil its criteria but tends to neglect those who do not. Although the theoretical concept of SER has had repercussions around the world, its global empirical incidence and the variation of regulatory patterns associated with it have not been scrutinised so far. Comparative quantitative research in labour law has mainly focused on the overall level of employment protection in the countries of the Northern Hemisphere. Against this background, we ask how legal segmentation in labour law, that is, the exclusion from and gradation in employment protection which seems to be connected with the SER, can be conceptualised and measured in a global perspective. Drawing on leximetrics, a method to measure and quantify norms, we make use of and extend existing data sets such as the Centre for Business Research Labour Regulation Index (CBR-LRI) and Employment Protection Legislation Index (EPLex) in order to grasp the nature of legal segmentation. We identify three main functions of individual employment law in the protection/segmentation context: the standard-setting (S), the privileging (P) and the equalising (E) functions. We develop the SPE-employment law model on the assumption that the three functions are mutually independent in normative terms. The SPE typology offers a genuinely new perspective for comparative labour regulation research, making it possible to see the differentiation of patterns of legal segmentation and their path dependencies in 115 countries. First findings on a global scale show that in 2013 no fundamental difference between the levels of regulation in the Global South and North can be found. Moreover, familiar patterns can be observed such as a tendency to stable and low protection levels in liberal welfare states, and a tendency to universalist types of regulation in former socialist countries.

中文翻译：

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劳动世界：引入标准制定、特权和平等类型学作为劳动法中法律划分的衡量标准

工业化国家的标准雇佣关系 (SER) 与对符合其标准但往往忽视不符合标准的员工的强有力保护有关。尽管 SER 的理论概念在世界范围内产生了影响，但其全球经验发生率和与之相关的监管模式的变化迄今尚未得到仔细审查。劳动法的比较定量研究主要集中在北半球国家就业保护的整体水平。在此背景下，我们询问如何合法分割在劳动法中，即似乎与 SER 相关的就业保护的排除和分级，可以在全球范围内进行概念化和衡量。利用词汇计量学，一种衡量和量化规范的方法，我们利用并扩展了现有数据集，例如商业研究中心劳动监管指数(CBR-LRI) 和就业保护立法指数(EPLex) 以掌握法律分割的性质。我们确定了个人雇佣法在保护/分割背景下的三个主要功能：标准制定 (S)、特权 (P) 和平等 (E) 功能。我们在三个功能在规范方面相互独立的假设下开发了 SPE 雇佣法模型。SPE 类型学为比较劳动法规研究提供了一个真正的新视角，使我们有可能看到 115 个国家法律分割模式的差异及其路径依赖。全球范围内的初步调查结果表明，2013 年全球南方和北方的监管水平没有根本差异。而且，