5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a high value-added chemical, the starting material for the production of a large number of platform chemicals, and an inhibitor of anaerobic digestion. The selection of microorganisms that can metabolize HMF or have high tolerance to HMF is rapidly arousing scientific interest. For selecting suitable microorganisms from aerobic sludge and exploring the effects of HMF on aerobic digestion, the removal capability, activated sludge characteristics, and microbial community structure of activated sludge treating digested swine wastewater in the presence of HMF were studied. Results showed that HMF deteriorated the removal performance of activated sludge. Removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) were reduced from 95.7%, 84.6% and 80.0% to 46.5%, 77.6% and 21.0%, respectively. Besides, HMF also increased EPS content which reduced the settleability and dewatering capacity of activated sludge. Moreover, HMF inhibited dehydrogenase (DHA) activity in activated sludge and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Meanwhile, the functions of microorganisms had changed, extracellular structure increased, carbohydrates and lipids transport and metabolism decreased, and energy production and conversion were inhibited. Microbial community analysis illustrated HMF adversely affects Enterobacteriaceae and streptococcaceae, while Bacillaceae, Rhodocyclaceae and Nitrospira better tolerate HMF.

5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）是一种高附加值化学品，是生产大量平台化学品的起始原料，是厌氧消化的抑制剂。能够代谢 HMF 或对 HMF 具有高耐受性的微生物的选择正在迅速引起科学兴趣。为了从好氧污泥中选择合适的微生物并探索HMF对好氧消化的影响，研究了在HMF存在下活性污泥处理猪消化废水的去除能力、活性污泥特性和微生物群落结构。结果表明，HMF 降低了活性污泥的去除性能。化学需氧量 (COD)、总磷 (TP) 和铵 (NH ₄ ⁺-N) 分别从 95.7%、84.6% 和 80.0% 减少到 46.5%、77.6% 和 21.0%。此外，HMF还增加了EPS含量，降低了活性污泥的沉降能力和脱水能力。此外，HMF 抑制活性污泥中的脱氢酶 (DHA) 活性并增加超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性。同时，微生物的功能发生了变化，细胞外结构增加，碳水化合物和脂质的运输和代谢减少，能量的产生和转化受到抑制。微生物群落分析说明HMF产生不利影响肠杆菌和链球菌，而芽孢杆菌，Rhodocyclaceae和硝化更好tolerat Ë HMF。