Abstract

Treatment of colored wastewater is one of the important challenges of environmental engineers. Adsorption is one of the most efficient methods in dye removal. The aim of this study was to prepare a magnetic adsorbent with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as an inexpensive adsorbent to remove basic violet 16 (BV16) dye from aqueous media. In this experimental study, the effect of parameters such as initial solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and contact time on the adsorption rate was investigated. The residual dye concentration was read at 545 nm by using a spectrophotometer. Physical, surface, and magnetic properties of the adsorbent were analyzed using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Adsorption data were described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and reaction kinetics. The results showed that with increasing the contact time and increasing the adsorbent dose, the amount of dye removal by the adsorbent increased and with decreasing the initial concentration of dye, the amount of removal increased. The results also showed that with increasing pH, the removal efficiency of the process increased linearly. According to resuls, the highest BV16 dye adsorption efficiency was 99%, which was obtained at determined values of studied parameters including pH of 7, adsorbent dose: of 0.5 g/L, initial BV16 dye concentration of 25 mg/l, mixing speed of 250 rpm, and contact time of 45 min. Moreover, according to results, removal of BV16 dye using adsorption onto clinoptilolite zeolite magnetized with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles obey a second-order kinetic model and Freundlich model (R²>0.99). According to SEM images, the adsorbent surface used is non-uniform and has many pores and also the morphology of the adsorbent surface is preserved after loading of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. According to VSM images, the magnetic saturation in composite is 18.11 emu/g. Results hihlighted the adsorption of BV16 dye onto clinoptilolite zeolite magnetized with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was a useful technique and could provide high efficiency in removal of studied dye from aqueous solutionsl; thus, it mabe be effective and useful in removal other similar pollutants.

摘要

有色废水的处理是环境工程师面临的重要挑战之一。吸附是最有效的染料去除方法之一。_{本研究的目的是用 Fe 3} O ₄制备磁性吸附剂纳米粒子作为一种廉价的吸附剂，可以从水性介质中去除碱性紫 16 (BV16) 染料。在本实验研究中，研究了初始溶液 pH 值、吸附剂剂量、初始染料浓度和接触时间等参数对吸附率的影响。使用分光光度计在 545 nm 处读取残留染料浓度。使用 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)、振动样品磁强计 (VSM)、X 射线粉末衍射 (XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 和扫描电子分析吸附剂的物理、表面和磁性显微镜（SEM）技术。吸附数据由 Langmuir 和 Freundlich 等温线和反应动力学描述。结果表明，随着接触时间的增加和吸附剂用量的增加，吸附剂对染料的去除量增加，随着染料初始浓度的降低，去除量增加。结果还表明，随着pH的增加，该过程的去除效率呈线性增加。根据结果​​，BV16 染料的最高吸附效率为 99%，这是在确定的研究参数值下获得的，包括 pH 值为 7，吸附剂剂量：0.5 g/L，BV16 染料初始浓度为 25 mg/l，混合速度为250 rpm，接触时间为 45 分钟。此外，根据结果，通过吸附到用 Fe 磁化的斜发沸石沸石上去除 BV16 染料 根据结果​​，BV16 染料的最高吸附效率为 99%，这是在确定的研究参数值下获得的，包括 pH 值为 7，吸附剂剂量：0.5 g/L，BV16 染料初始浓度为 25 mg/l，混合速度为250 rpm，接触时间为 45 分钟。此外，根据结果，通过吸附到用 Fe 磁化的斜发沸石沸石上去除 BV16 染料 根据结果​​，BV16 染料的最高吸附效率为 99%，这是在确定的研究参数值下获得的，包括 pH 值为 7，吸附剂剂量：0.5 g/L，BV16 染料初始浓度为 25 mg/l，混合速度为250 rpm，接触时间为 45 分钟。此外，根据结果，通过吸附到用 Fe 磁化的斜发沸石沸石上去除 BV16 染料₃ O ₄纳米颗粒服从二级动力学模型和Freundlich模型(R ² >0.99)。根据SEM图像，所使用的吸附剂表面是不均匀的并且具有许多孔隙，并且在负载Fe 3 O 4_纳米颗粒_之后吸附剂表面的形态得以保留。根据 VSM 图像，复合材料的磁饱和度为 18.11 emu/g。结果表明，将 BV16 染料吸附到用 Fe ₃ O ₄纳米粒子磁化的斜发沸石上是一种有用的技术，可以高效地从水溶液中去除所研究的染料；因此，它可能对去除其他类似污染物有效且有用。