Water availability is fundamental for regional socioeconomic development, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions with recurrent periods of drought. Such is the case of the southwest region of Tamaulipas, whose only viable source of water is the Tula–Bustamante aquifer. This study aims to model groundwater evolution in the area, defining water–rock interaction processes, using nonparametric statistical tools and hydrogeochemical analysis. Two main processes that give rise to different hydrogeological units were identified: one characterized by water flow through fractured media (with limestone, dolomite and gypsum dissolution), and the other by aquitard features, such as the dissolution of shales, sandstones, and clays. Moreover, recharge, transit, and discharge processes were identified using groundwater flow systems theory, providing basic information for the design of an integrated water resources management system in the study area.

水资源供应是区域社会经济发展的基础，特别是在干旱和干旱频发的干旱和半干旱地区。塔毛利帕斯州的西南部地区就是这种情况，其唯一可行的水源是图拉-布斯塔曼特含水层。本研究旨在模拟该地区的地下水演化，使用非参数统计工具和水文地球化学分析来定义水-岩相互作用过程。确定了产生不同水文地质单元的两个主要过程：一个以水流通过裂隙介质（石灰岩、白云岩和石膏溶解）为特征，另一个以透水层特征为特征，例如页岩、砂岩和粘土的溶解。此外，使用地下水流系统理论确定了补给、转运和排放过程，