Children make up over half of the world's migrants and refugees and face a multitude of traumatic experiences prior to, during, and following migration. Here, we focus on migrant children emigrating from Mexico and Central America to the United States and review trauma related to migration, as well as its implications for the mental health of migrant and refugee children. We then draw upon the early adversity literature to highlight potential behavioral and neurobiological sequalae of migration-related trauma exposure, focusing on attachment, emotion regulation, and fear learning and extinction as transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying the development of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology following early-life adversity. This review underscores the need for interdisciplinary efforts to both mitigate the effects of trauma faced by migrant and refugee youth emigrating from Mexico and Central America and, of primary importance, to prevent child exposure to trauma in the context of migration. Thus, we conclude by outlining policy recommendations aimed at improving the mental health of migrant and refugee youth.

中文翻译：

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从墨西哥和中美洲移民到美国的移民儿童中与移民相关的创伤和心理健康：对发育神经生物学的影响和对政策的影响

儿童占世界移民和难民的一半以上，在移民之前、期间和之后面临着多种创伤经历。在这里，我们重点关注从墨西哥和中美洲移民到美国的移民儿童，回顾与移民有关的创伤及其对移民和难民儿童心理健康的影响。然后，我们利用早期逆境文献来强调与迁移相关的创伤暴露的潜在行为和神经生物学后遗症，重点关注依恋、情绪调节以及恐惧学习和消退，作为早期逆境后内化和外化症状学发展的跨诊断机制。本次审查强调需要开展跨学科努力，以减轻来自墨西哥和中美洲的移民和难民青年所面临的创伤影响，最重要的是，防止儿童在移民过程中遭受创伤。因此，我们最后概述了旨在改善移民和难民青年心理健康的政策建议。