The susceptibility of the brain to ischaemic injury dramatically limits its viability following interruptions in blood flow. However, data from studies of dissociated cells, tissue specimens, isolated organs and whole bodies have brought into question the temporal limits within which the brain is capable of tolerating prolonged circulatory arrest. This Review assesses cell type-specific mechanisms of global cerebral ischaemia, and examines the circumstances in which the brain exhibits heightened resilience to injury. We suggest strategies for expanding such discoveries to fuel translational research into novel cytoprotective therapies, and describe emerging technologies and experimental concepts. By doing so, we propose a new multimodal framework to investigate brain resuscitation following extended periods of circulatory arrest.

大脑对缺血性损伤的易感性极大地限制了其在血流中断后的生存能力。然而，来自分离细胞、组织标本、离体器官和整个身体的研究数据使人们对大脑能够耐受长时间循环停止的时间限制提出了质疑。这篇综述评估了全脑缺血的细胞类型特异性机制，并检查了大脑对损伤表现出高度恢复能力的情况。我们提出了扩展此类发现的策略，以推动将研究转化为新型细胞保护疗法，并描述新兴技术和实验概念。通过这样做，我们提出了一个新的多模式框架来研究长时间停循环后的脑复苏。