Fungi are one of the most diverse taxonomic groups on the planet, but much of their diversity and community organization remains unknown, especially at local scales. Indeed, a consensus on how fungal communities change across spatial or temporal gradients—beta diversity—remains nascent. Here, we use a data set of plant-associated fungal communities (leaf, root, and soil) across multiple land uses from a New Zealand–wide study to look at fungal community turnover at small spatial scales (<1 km). Using hierarchical Bayesian beta regressions and Hill-number–based diversity profiles, we show that fungal communities are often markedly dissimilar at even small distances, regardless of land use. Moreover, diversity profile plots indicate that leaf, root, and soil-associated communities show different patterns in the dominance or rarity of dissimilar species. Leaf-associated communities differed from site to site in their low-abundance species, whereas root-associated communities differed between sites in the dominant species; soil-associated communities were intermediate. Land-use differences were largely driven by the lower turnover between high-productivity grassland sites. Further, we discuss the implications and benefits of using diversity profile plots of turnover to draw inferences into the mechanisms of how communities are structured across spatial gradients.

中文翻译：

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土地利用而非距离驱动真菌β多样性

真菌是地球上最多样化的分类群之一，但它们的大部分多样性和群落组织仍然未知，尤其是在局部范围内。事实上，关于真菌群落如何跨空间或时间梯度变化——β多样性——的共识仍然处于萌芽状态。在这里，我们使用来自新西兰范围内的研究中跨多种土地用途的植物相关真菌群落（叶、根和土壤）的数据集，以观察小空间尺度（<1 公里）的真菌群落更新。使用分层贝叶斯 beta 回归和基于希尔数的多样性概况，我们表明，无论土地用途如何，真菌群落即使在很小的距离上也常常明显不同。此外，多样性剖面图表明叶、根、与土壤相关的群落在不同物种的优势或稀有性方面表现出不同的模式。叶相关群落的低丰度物种因地点而异，而优势物种的根相关群落因地点而异。与土壤相关的群落居中。土地利用差异主要是由于高生产力草地点之间的周转率较低。此外，我们讨论了使用营业额的多样性剖面图来推断社区如何跨空间梯度构建的机制的含义和好处。土地利用差异主要是由于高生产力草地点之间的周转率较低。此外，我们讨论了使用营业额的多样性剖面图来推断社区如何跨空间梯度构建的机制的含义和好处。土地利用差异主要是由于高生产力草地点之间的周转率较低。此外，我们讨论了使用营业额的多样性剖面图来推断社区如何跨空间梯度构建的机制的含义和好处。