This article engages Luther’s doctrine of Christ’s passive obedience (obedientia passiva)––a theme that comes to fullest expression in his Lectures on Galatians (1531/5). There, Luther argues that the sins of the godless become the true possession of the vicariously suffering Son. In turn, Christ’s atonement for the sake of the world underwrites a soteriology of the creature’s renewed humanity in which the sinner is reoriented outwardly in loving servitude of the neighbor. Luther’s The Freedom of a Christian (1520) provides the contours of this linkage most fully. This article therefore seeks to elucidate the connections between God’s exposure to sin at the cross and the subsequent logic of the human’s recovered relation to the other within the creation.

中文翻译：

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交换、赎罪和恢复人性：马丁路德论基督的被动顺服

本文涉及路德关于基督被动服从 ( obedientia passiva )的教义——这一主题在他的加拉太书(1531/5)演讲中得到了最充分的表达。在那里，路德争辩说，不敬虔之人的罪孽成为了代代受苦之子的真正财产。反过来，基督为世界的赎罪保证了受造物更新的人性的救赎论，其中罪人在对邻居的爱的奴役中向外重新定位。路德的《基督徒的自由》（1520 年）最充分地提供了这种联系的轮廓。因此，本文试图阐明上帝在十字架上暴露于罪恶与人类在创造中与他人恢复关系的后续逻辑之间的联系。