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Divergent receptor utilization is necessary for phrenic long-term facilitation over the course of motor neuron loss following CTB-SAP intrapleural injections
Journal of Neurophysiology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-21 , DOI: 10.1152/jn.00236.2021
Lauren F Borkowski 1 , Catherine L Smith 1 , Amy N Keilholz 1 , Nicole L Nichols 1
Affiliation  

Intrapleural injection of cholera toxin B conjugated to saporin (CTB-SAP) mimics respiratory motor neuron death and respiratory deficits observed in rat models of neuromuscular diseases. 7d CTB-SAP rats elicit enhanced phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) primarily through TrkB and PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanisms (i.e., Gs-pathway, which can be initiated by adenosine 2A (A2A) receptors in naïve rats), while 28d CTB-SAP rats elicit moderate pLTF though BDNF and MEK/ERK-dependent mechanisms (i.e., Gq-pathway, which is typically initiated by serotonin (5-HT) receptors in naïve rats). Here, we tested the hypothesis that pLTF following CTB-SAP is: 1) A2A receptor-dependent at 7d; and 2) 5-HT receptor-dependent at 28d. Adult Sprague Dawley male rats were anesthetized, paralyzed, ventilated, and were exposed to acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH; 3, 5 min bouts of 10.5% O2) following bilateral, intrapleural injections at 7d and 28d of: 1) CTB-SAP (25 μg), or 2) un-conjugated CTB and SAP (control). Intrathecal C4 delivery included either the: 1) A2A receptor antagonist (MSX-3; 10 μM; 12 μl); or 2) 5-HT receptor antagonist (methysergide; 20 mM; 15 μl). pLTF was abolished with A2A receptor inhibition in 7d, not 28d, CTB-SAP rats vs. controls (p<0.05), while pLTF was abolished following 5-HT receptor inhibition in 28d, not 7d, CTB-SAP rats vs. controls (p<0.05). Additionally, 5-HT2A receptor expression was unchanged in CTB-SAP rats vs. controls, while 5-HT2B receptor expression was decreased in CTB-SAP rats vs. controls (p<0.05). This study furthers our understanding of the contribution of differential receptor activation to pLTF and its implications for breathing following respiratory motor neuron death.

中文翻译:

在 CTB-SAP 胸膜内注射后,在运动神经元丢失过程中,对于膈的长期促进作用,发散受体的利用是必要的

与皂草素 (CTB-SAP) 结合的霍乱毒素 B 胸腔内注射模拟了在神经肌肉疾病大鼠模型中观察到的呼吸运动神经元死亡和呼吸功能障碍。7d CTB-SAP 大鼠主要通过 TrkB 和 PI3K/Akt 依赖性机制(即 Gs 通路,其可由幼稚大鼠中的腺苷 2A (A 2A ) 受体启动)引起增强的膈长期促进 (pLTF) ,而28 天 CTB-SAP 大鼠通过 BDNF 和 MEK/ERK 依赖性机制(即 Gq 通路,其通常由幼稚大鼠中的血清素 (5-HT) 受体启动)引发中度 pLTF。在这里,我们检验了 CTB-SAP 之后的 pLTF 的假设是:1)A 2A7d 时依赖受体;2) 28d 时 5-HT 受体依赖性。成年 Sprague Dawley 雄性大鼠在以下 7 天和 28 天进行双侧胸膜内注射后,被麻醉、麻痹、通气并暴露于急性间歇性缺氧(AIH;3、5 分钟 10.5% O 2 ):1)CTB-SAP( 25 μg),或 2) 未偶联的 CTB 和 SAP(对照)。鞘内 C 4递送包括: 1) A 2A受体拮抗剂(MSX-3;10 μM;12 μl);或 2) 5-HT 受体拮抗剂 (methysergide; 20 mM; 15 μl)。在 CTB-SAP 大鼠与对照组(p<0.05)中,用 A 2A受体抑制在 7 天(而不是 28 天)消除了 pLTF,而在 28 天而不是 7 天,CTB-SAP 大鼠与对照组在 5-HT 受体抑制后消除了 pLTF (p<0.05)。此外,5-HTCTB-SAP 大鼠与对照组相比, 2A受体表达没有变化,而 CTB-SAP 大鼠与对照组相比,5-HT 2B受体表达降低(p<0.05)。这项研究进一步加深了我们对差异受体激活对 pLTF 的贡献及其对呼吸运动神经元死亡后呼吸的影响的理解。
更新日期:2021-07-22
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