This article, divided into two parts, traces and discusses two pairs of analogies invoked in Sanskrit(ic) literature to articulate the paradox of God’s oneness and multiplicity vis-à-vis the souls and the manifest world, reflecting the philosophical positions of pariṇāmavāda (and bhedābheda/dvaitādvaita or, in some cases, viśiṣṭādvaita) and vivartavāda (and abheda/advaita). These are, respectively, the analogies of fire in wood and dairy products in milk, and moon/sun in pools of water and space in pots. Having introduced prevalent ideas about the status of the supreme principle(s) vis-à-vis the souls and creation in Śaivism, Sāṅkhya, and Vedānta, and having investigated instances of the first pair of analogies in multiple textual genres in Part I, here I turn to the discussion of the second set of analogies. Having proposed that the first set reflects the influence of pariṇāma-Vedānta on an early strand of the Śaiva textual corpus, I argue that the second set, attested prevalently in relatively late sources, betrays a (post-)Śaṅkarian origin (even if it was used in a pariṇāma-sense), thereby suggesting a vivartavāda-Advaita Vedānta influence on the Śaiva corpus after the 9th or 10th century.

这篇文章分为两部分，追溯和讨论梵文（ic）文学中引用的两对类比，以阐明上帝对灵魂和显化世界的一体性和多样性的悖论，反映了pariṇāmavāda的哲学立场（和bhedābheda/dvaitādvaita或，在某些情况下， viśiṣṭādvaita）和vivartavāda（和abheda / advaita）。这些分别是木材中的火和牛奶中的乳制品，水池中的月亮/太阳和盆中的空间的类比。在第 I 部分中介绍了关于最高原则相对于灵魂和创造物在 Śaivism、Sāṅkhya 和 Vedānta 中的地位的流行观点，并研究了多种文本类型中第一对类比的实例，这里我转向第二组类比的讨论。在提出第一组反映了pariṇāma -Vedānta 对早期 Śaiva 文本语料库的影响后，我认为第二组，在相对较晚的来源中普遍证明，背叛了（后）Śaṅkarian 起源（即使它是用于pariṇāma意义），从而暗示vivartavāda-Advaita Vedānta 在 9 世纪或 10 世纪后对 Śaiva 语料库的影响。