Highly open porous functionalized polyHIPE monoliths were prepared using styrene (St), divinylbenzene (DVB) and an ionic liquid comonomer, i.e., allyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (AMIB), to surface immobilize phosphotungstic acid hydrate for the chemical oxidation of thiophene (THIO). In this study, the effects of different process parameters such as AMIB comonomer, the porogen (1,2-dichlorobenzene), the electrolyte (CaCl₂·4H₂O), and various amounts of silica nanoparticles as reinforcement were investigated on the morphological and mechanical properties of the resultant polyHIPEs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray-diffraction (XRD) analysis, and compression tests were carried out to determine the characteristics and mechanical properties of the polyHIPEs. SEM micrographs showed that the incorporation of 15 wt.% AMIB decreased the mean void size from 5.3 to 4.6 μm, while the other parameters remained unchanged. Finally, the AMIB-functionalized polyHIPE containing the electrolyte and 2 wt.% silica nanoparticles with the desired microstructure and mechanical properties, was used as a hybrid polyHIPE support to surface immobilize the various amounts of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀. Thereafter, the loaded support was used for chemical oxidation of THIO using 30 wt.% H₂O₂ as an oxidant. The effect of various parameters such as the catalyst loading, H₂O₂/sulfur molar ratio and reaction temperature on the oxidation performance was evaluated. The highest oxidation conversion (46%) was obtained by using 5 wt.% catalyst loading at H₂O₂/sulfur molar ratio equal to 6 and a reaction temperature of 50 °C.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

---

通过用于催化剂表面固定和噻吩化学氧化的乳液模板制备高开孔功能化 PolyHIPE 整料

使用苯乙烯 (St)、二乙烯基苯 (DVB) 和离子液体共聚单体，即烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑溴化物 (AMIB)，制备了高度开放的多孔功能化聚 HIPE 整料，以表面固定磷钨酸水合物，用于噻吩 (THIO) 的化学氧化。 ）。本研究中，AMIB共聚单体、致孔剂（1,2-二氯苯）、电解液（CaCl ₂ ·4H ₂O)，以及不同数量的二氧化硅纳米粒子作为增强剂，研究了所得聚 HIPE 的形态和机械性能。通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、能量色散 X 射线 (EDX)、傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱、X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分析和压缩试验来确定材料的特性和机械性能。聚HIPE。SEM 显微照片显示，15 wt.% AMIB 的掺入将平均空隙尺寸从 5.3 μm 降低到 4.6 μm，而其他参数保持不变。最后，包含电解质和具有所需微观结构和机械性能的 2 wt.% 二氧化硅纳米粒子的 AMIB 功能化聚 HIPE 用作混合聚 HIPE 载体以表面固定各种数量的 H ₃PW ₁₂ O ₄₀。此后，负载的载体用于使用 30 wt.% H ₂ O ₂作为氧化剂的 THIO 的化学氧化。评估了各种参数如催化剂负载量、H ₂ O ₂ /硫摩尔比和反应温度对氧化性能的影响。通过在 H ₂ O ₂ /硫摩尔比等于 6 和 50 °C 的反应温度下使用 5 wt.% 的催化剂负载获得最高的氧化转化率 (46%) 。

图形概要